Brief Summary

In Bernhard analysis, she starts off her essay strong by stating how important Frederick Douglass speech was. In her first paragraph, Bernhard shows readers that Frederick Douglass was credible by stating how he himself was part of the slave trade. Bernhard thesis in her first paragraph that drives the rest of her essay is how she states that, â€Å"Frederick was a huge part of the abolitionist movement,† and that, â€Å"Frederick wanted to show his aversion to slavery and his passionate dedication to see it end. As Bernhard continues with her analysis, she states how Frederick not only talks o abolitionist alike, but to proud Americans. As she continues with her analysis, Bernhard always refers back to her thesis in her first paragraph. She states facts on how Frederick became such a huge part of the abolitionist movement. She shows readers how Frederick had the skill to gain the audiences sympathy and how he made his speeches more important to listeners.In Bernhard fourth p aragraph, she refers back to her thesis on how Frederick wanted to show his aversion to slavery and his passion to see it end. In this paragraph, she continues to show how Frederick appealed to his audience's sense and ride by comparing Americans history of revolt against repression and wrongdoing to slavery.In conclusion, Bernhard whole analysis was to show how Frederick was Important to abolitionist movement; and to show how Frederick wanted to show his aversion to slavery and his passionate dedication to see It end. She backed up her thesis many times In her body paragraphs by showing how Frederick, showed his readers how corrupt American culture really Is. Then Bernhard ends her analysis by showing readers how Fredrick's effort Is now slowly Impacting the movement and caused many to reconsider the state and direction

Mini was a little girl, who was unusually fond of conversations Essay

Mini was a little girl, who was unusually fond of conversations. She had a makeshift mind that moved between various topics within her scope. Although she was young, she could start a conversation with people double or even triple her age. Eventually she became friends with Rahamat, an Afghani money lender, whom she fondly called Kabuliwala. It was a delight to watch the two banter. Rahamat, was a tall, bearded man, who carried a sack on his shoulders while Mini was a tiny little girl who would chatter all the way. Initially Mini, was afraid of interacting with him, because she believed that Rahamat abducted little children in his sack. But Rahamat, because of his obvious fondness for the little girl, broke the ice, by presenting some raisins and apricots from his bag. Mini came from an aristocratic Bengali family and Rahamat was just an ordinary fruit peddler from Kabul yet it seemed like they were close chums. The two friends had a few stock phrases and jokes which were repeated in their conversations. For example, the moment she saw Rahamat, she would ask with a hearty laugh, ‘Kabuliwala, O Kabuliwala, what is in your sack?’ Adding an unnecessary nasal tone to the word, Rahamat would roar, ‘Hanti.’ The essence of the joke was that the man had an elephant in his sack. Not that the joke was very witty, but it caused the two friends to double up in laughter, and the sight of that innocent joy between a little girl and a grown man on autumn mornings used to move Mini’s father deeply. However Mini’s mother wasn’t too pleased with the growing friendship between Rahamat and her daughter and often nagged Mini’s father to keep an eye on him. One fine day, her worries came true; when Rahamat was arrested on charges of stabbing a man because the man had denied the debt he owed Rahamat, in the heat of the argument. Rahamat was in the midst of hurling abuse in an obscene language at the dishonest man when Mini came running out of the house, shouting, ‘Kabuliwala, O Kabuliwala.’ In a flash, Rahamat’s face was filled with expressions of happiness. Innocently Mini asked him, ‘Will you be going to your in-laws’ house?’ ‘That’s exactly where I am going,’ Rahamat replied with a laugh. When he noticed that Mini did not find the answer quite amusing, he pointed to his hands and added in his heavily accented, broken Bengali, ‘I would have beaten up the in-law. But what can I do, my hands are tied up.’ Charged with grievous injury, Rahamat was sent to jail for several years. That was the last time that Mini saw him and quite child-likely forgot all about him as she grew up. Several years passed. Mini’s wedding match had been fixed. On the day of the wedding, her father was busy looking at the wedding accounts when a man appeared before him, he had no bag, nor the long hair, nor the same vigour that he used to have. But he smiled, and Mini’s father knew it was Rahamat. Mini’s father knew what he had come for. But he refused to allow him to meet Mini as he thought that it would be bad omen. Disappointed he put his hand inside his big loose robe, and brought out a small and dirty piece of paper. With great care he unfolded this, and smoothed it out with both hands on my table. It bore the impression of a little band. Not a photograph. Not a drawing. The impression of an ink-smeared hand laid flat on the paper. This touch of his own little daughter had been always on his heart, as he had come year after year to Calcutta, to sell his wares in the streets. Tears came to Mini’s father’s eyes. He forgot that he was a poor Kabuli fruit-seller, while he was nothing more than he. He also was a father. That impression of the hand of his little daughter in her distant mountain home reminded him of his own little Mini. When Rahamat saw Mini after all these years, he staggered. He could not revive their old friendship. At last he smiled and said: â€Å"Little one, are you going to your father-in-law’s house?† But Mini now understood the meaning of the word â€Å"father-in-law,† and she could not reply to him as of old. She flushed up at the question, and stood before him with her bride-like face turned down. Mini’s father deeply touched by what had just happened gave Rahamat, enough money to go back and see his own daughter in Afghanistan. Having done this, he had to cut down on some of the marriage festivity costs, but to him the wedding feast was all the brighter for the thought that in a distant land a long-lost father met again with his only child.

What is the PARCC Test? Everything You Need to Know

Standardized testing has long been a hot-button topic, and with good reason. While proponents say these tests are crucial for measuring both student and teacher performance, critics argue that they take valuable time away from learning. In recent years, a great deal of the conversation has focused on the PARCC test, or Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers. Whether you’re a student taking the PARCC for the first time, a teacher administering the exam, or a parent with school-age children, it pays to know what this process entails. Read on for everything you need to know about PARCC. PARCC refers to a collection of exams administered to public school students on a yearly basis. Developed by experts from multiple states, PARCC exams are designed to measure student progress while establishing Common Core standards for grades 3-11. Not only do states examine student performance by school, identifying problem areas, but schools assess individual student performance to determine where extra help may be required. The tests serve as replacements for older forms of standardized testing. However, that doesn’t mean the majority of educators are on board. As of 2018, only New Mexico, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia were still administering the full exam , while states like Colorado and Louisiana were incorporating just some PARCC questions into their own assessments. Administered at the end of the school year, the tests are designed to assess both problem solving and critical thinking. Their goal is to ensure students are prepared for college and their professional lives. Additionally, the PARCC test ensures students are learning based on the Common Core standards . Because students take the PARCC test on a computer, numerous accommodations are available for those with learning challenges and disabilities. The PARCC exams consist of two components: English/language arts and math. For the English/language arts portion of the exam, students read fiction and nonfiction passages, watch videos, and listen to audio recordings. Then they answer multiple choice questions and write responses based on what they learned. For the math component, students solve problems requiring multi-step solutions. Because the math questions involve real-life situations, students must utilize reasoning and logic rather than rote memorization and procedure. Additionally, the revised PARCC exams require students to show their work. So, teachers have an enhanced ability to evaluate and identify gaps in understanding and tailor instruction accordingly. PARCC scores are assigned based on performance levels. Students receive marks between Level 1 and Level 5 , with Levels 4 and 5 indicating that students are performing well. Scoring Level 3 means students need a little more help to meet expectations. A score of Level 1 or Level 2 suggests that students require significant intervention. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. Proponents of the PARCC system say that it offers numerous benefits for both students and administrators. One advantage of PARCC over other standardized tests is that it doesn’t just use multiple-choice questions that assess what a student has memorized. Instead, the tests require students to employ logic and reasoning to answer questions and justify their responses. In this way, the test is evaluating a student’s ability to think critically. Because PARCC focuses on applying skills rather than regurgitating information, some advocates argue that schools don’t have to â€Å"teach to the test† the way they do with other exams. Instead, educators can simply encourage students to think critically about all lessons. Of course, not everyone is a proponent of PARCC tests. In fact, many administrators argue that teachers do spend a great deal of time preparing students for the test—time that could be better spent on classroom instruction. Because many students have not encountered a standardized test like PARCC before, educators need to prepare them to answer the certain type and style of questions. And younger students in particular may need help learning to manage their time on a test like PARCC. Additionally, critics say that PARCC results in a great deal of stress for test takers. It’s no secret that many students suffer anxiety during testing. Because scoring at the lower levels on PARCC can have serious consequences, including being held back, students may feel even more worried about taking the exam. The strict testing environment, which limits student movement and behavior, can also be stressful for students. Finally, some PARCC critics believe that the test has an unfair impact on diverse and underprivileged students and their teachers. Because test scores tend to be lower in impoverished regions, critics fear that these results will be used to justify holding students back, firing teachers, and even closing underperforming schools. Have questions about PARCC or another form of standardized testing? At , we’re passionate about helping prepare students to get into the schools of their dreams. For more information on our services, call today or contact us for a free consultation.

Sport Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sport Management - Essay Example So when he plays the game, supported by his performance, is the behavior which results in him scoring a basket or not. Then the outcome of the scoring is the consequence which makes him happy. His happiness is his satisfaction, which gives him inner peace. Other congratulate him and he is proud of himself for which he is given the feedback of performing in the same spirit again. (Lussier et al., 2008) As far as sports are concerned, the best motivation tool for a sports man is self-interest. Without that hardly any sportsman succeeds to keep moving in the long run. Sports are a passion for most, but dies with time due to physical exhaustion and other de-motivating factors. But when the tool of self-interest steps in which asks them the basic question of ‘what is in it for me’, they reconsider. This is one of the basic and most important aspects of motivation which means creating win win situations. Expectations also play a vital role for a sportsman. If he/she is confident, optimistic and positive about his role and performance in a game, he/she is most likely to be motivated within him. Such a person would perform in his best capacity expecting productive outcomes for him and his team. (Peak Performance, 2011) A study by Pat Riley, the current coach of Miami Heat and ex-coach of New York Knicks, showed a simple method on how a failure can be turned into a success and how to motivate sportsmen in his book ‘The Winner Within’. An important and easy way to motivate any sportsman can be convincing him to watch his own success performance. Recording the success in sport and then watching it again will motivate him to improve further in his game. If he realized a mistake he will try to avoid it in the next game and turn it around for a greater performance. (Riley, 2007) Motivation can be intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic is more from within one and the goals are smart,

Google's Internet Business Model Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google's Internet Business Model - Term Paper Example Google is presently touted as the "world's best search engine" ("Company Profile"). They pioneered the use of text-based ads with a search engine that has a clean, spartan layout. The creators also devised a system of page ranking that assesses a site's value on the premise that the number of sites pointing to a particular page is an indicator of its importance. This system, coupled with a match to a searcher's text query can give out the most relevant and accurate results. Their innovative take on the search engine is the foundation of their success, and they have branched out to offer a wide array of services. Google's content-based advertising scheme results in a service that accurately zeroes in the appropriate market. This produces a " higher than the industry average " ("Company Overview") click-through rate for their text ads compared to traditional forms of Internet advertising (banners, animation, e-mail, etc.). Their philosophy regarding advertising includes the precept that one "can make money without doing evil" ("Corporate Information"). They maintain that the ads on their results pages can actually "provide useful information" ("Corporate Information") and are only shown on the basis of relevance to the person's query. The company also adopts an unconventional approach to its business model. Instead of promoting their company as a brand, like what their competitors do, their focus is in enhancing the technology of their primary service-that is a faster, easy to use, and effective search engine. Their initial popularity is owed more to word-of-mouth, rather than to marketing and brand promotion. This has enabled them to tap into greater revenue-generating services such as AdWords and AdSense ("Corporate Information").Google proclaims that its company's mission is to provide a superior search engine "organizing the world's information and making it universally accessible and useful" ("Company Profile"). It also projects a relaxed corporate atmosphere which is elucidated by their philosophies such as "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun" or "you can be serious without a suit" ("Corporate Information").  Ã‚  

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Research Paper Example Women have been ever frightened about this issue and think it to be the most derogatory thing that can happen to them. It is a shocking fact that most of the rapes go unnoticed and it happens within the family arena. There are lots of cases of sexual assault and rape among families and many of the children and individual are afraid to bring out this subject in to the public. Rape is a social violence and cannot be an act of passion as there is coercion happening in the act which results in damage to the physical and mental stability of the victim. â€Å"It is found in the study by National Institute of Justice and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention that 22 percent of male and 48 percent of female have confronted their first rape before the age of 12† (Golden,17). Rape is a social issue which most people encounter directly or indirectly in a particular social environment. Women are always subjected to sexual assault and suffer mainly because she is judged more as an object of sexual desire. Since ages they are looked upon as a medium to satisfy sexual gluttony of men, and she has been living in darkness when it is the matter of her individual right and freedom. In this novel, the girl named precious is forcefully impregnated by her father and less could be done by the girl to protect her virginity and self respect. However, this is not a frequent case in America where female are subjected to sexual exploitation and rape from the hands of parents, close relatives and friends. The main issue as in case of the character Precious is that there is less support offered from her mother when she has been molested and raped by her father .This mostly makes the scenarios worse and the victim feel helpless and hate her individuality and the social connection she share with her family members.â€Å"It was found that instead of lagging behind female rape along the stranger - acquaintance rape dimension, male rape was viewed predominantly in terms of Ã¢â‚¬Ë œother’ factors (factors not found on the stranger - acquaintance dimension, e.g. victim/rapist sexual orientation, rapist calls victim names), which were erroneous, sexualizing and homophobic† (Anderson,25-245). Rape is a social evil and many girls and women are victimized at the hands of parents, strangers and other men in the society at a staggering rate Rape as a heinous act as reached a high proportion in our society and has ruined many innocent lives on a permanent basis. The black girl in the book â€Å"Push† have found to be helpless and imprisoned in an atmosphere where she had no support to look for and has been struggling under the cruel hand of her father and ignorant mother. It is not only women who are subjected to rape, but also infants, corpse and men become a slave of this cruel act. Mostly it is found that the traumatized victims of rape are frightened and emotionally handicapped at such a level that they carry this tragedy through out their who le life. Trauma victims essentially need more private time to sort out their feelings, and grasp what had happened to them in order to get some professional help in dealing with their emotional tragedy. If we read the book ‘push’ we can find out that Precious the character which was subjected to sexual assault from her parents was illiterate and was from low class family. However, according to studies, rape more frequently it occurs among low classes as their social

Global Marketing and Measuring Competitive Advantage Essay

Global Marketing and Measuring Competitive Advantage - Essay Example Competitive advantage according to Michael Porter of Harvard Business School means that a company is performing better than rivals by engaging in different activities or performing similar activities in different ways. If a company continues to copy the competitors it is not possible to remain competitive for long. At the same time just doing something different does not ensure sustainable competitive advantage. Competitors are always at work and are drawn to new technologies and business techniques. According to Collier (n.d.) if a company is able to attract investment it has competitive advantage because this denotes a healthy stock price. Once capital starts flowing towards the company the competitive disadvantage starts disappearing. Companies often try to be unique in some resource to give them the competitive advantage. A SWOT analysis helps to determine its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. This does not still determine whether a firm is competitive or has competitive advantage. Hence to determine the competitive advantage the resource must be unique and not easy to duplicate. It should be hard to copy and should be durable. It should definitely be superior and should be trumped by the different capabilities of the rivals. To remain competitive a firm needs to identify the weakness in its processes or resources. Identifying the weakness itself allows the firm to work towards overcoming the weakness. Drawing up a SWOT analysis helps the company to assess the overall situation and then take corrective steps like protection against threats or better utilization of its unique resources (Parbotek, n.d.). To determine whether a company has competitive cost advantage, analytical tools like value chain analysis and benchmarking are used. Value chain is a linked set of activities that add value to the activities performed internally. Value chain depends upon the strategy, the internal operations,

Is Human Aggression Learned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Human Aggression Learned - Research Paper Example As the paper stresses human aggression has largely been associated with social interactions in human populations. Cognitive aspects of people significantly affect the manner and level of aggression. Berkowitz’s neoassociation model describes frustration and other repugnant factors such as pain, discomfort and unpleasant situations among others as the causes of human aggression. They usually initiate aggression in human through the negative consequence. As the study hinghlights the frustration-aggression model also portrays aggression as an outcome of frustration. Its occurrence is usually triggered by the presence of obstacles that prevent an individual from attaining his/her goal. In such a situation, aggression is usually a sequence of events that are focused on responding to the obstacle, which may result to injury of the person who is acting as the obstacle. A human being is rational and usually sets objectives with the goal of benefiting from his/her actions. Strategies are usually developed to ensure that there is no failure, which include fighting against obstacles such as fellow humans. It is therefore common to find aggressive behavior among frustrated people. Inward aggression may also exhibited by individuals when they are frustrated. It involves actions such as biting the finger, tongue and hitting hands on hard surface among other behaviors that result in injuring oneself although the pain may not be intense as interpe rsonal aggression.

Operations Management Assignment 1 Research Paper

Operations Management Assignment 1 - Research Paper Example Improvement has two divisions’ kaizen and innovation. Innovation deals with radical development in the process already existing. It needs huge investment. Kaizen signify small developments due to continuous coordinated efforts by all workers (Manos, 2007). The paper focuses on the advantages of Kaizen in the success of the Japanese firms. The west people translate Kaizen as a continuous, ongoing improvement. There are authors who explain the competitive success of Japan in the global market because of the realization Kaizen idea in Japanese firms. In contrast, of the normal emphasis on innovative, revolutionary change frequently, Kaizen looks for continuous incremental change. There is room for development and continuous attempt of becoming better according to Kaizen concept. Kaizen was a vocabulary in Japan to mean improvement. Mid of 20th century saw the word acquire a strong meaning in Japans industrial companies (Manos, 2007). It represented the skill of improvement through removing waste and involving workers, without using a lot of money. The past decades saw Japanese firms use Kaizen for competitive advantage. Kaizen assists companies to reduce costs and improve on the quality and variety product. If persistent, it is a great weapon against competitors. Implementing Kaizen in firms allows improving of every element of business process in a stepwise approach, while steadily improving the skills of workers by increased improvement and educational training. Main principles in implementing Kaizen are human resources as the most crucial asset in a firm; processes must grow by steadily improving rather than drastic changes, improvement founded on quantitative or statistical evaluation of performance of process. The strategy further involves other elements of management as teamwork, improved morale, personal discipline, quality circles, and

Resistance of a wire Essay Example for Free

Resistance of a wire Essay Fair Testing Definition Fairness implies that the outcome of the activity truly depends on what is being investigated, and is not being distorted by other external factors. Therefore a fair test is one where all the variables are kept constant or the same, except the variable that is being investigated. A variable is anything that can change and which may influence the outcome of the investigation. List of variables   Length of a wire.    Temperature of a wire. Resistivity of a wire.   Thickness of a wire. Person that measures the length.   Person observing the metre readings. Number of variables.   Position of the variable resistor needs to stay constant.   Number of times you do the experiment to get the average.   Apparatus needs to stay the same, so you need to do it on the same day. Statement of fairness To make it a fair test, I am going to keep all the variables the same, except the length which I am going to change. I am going to take the measurements of the voltage and the ammeter readings. Range of Measurements to be taken (for the variable being tested) I will take the ammeter and voltmeter readings of different lengths. The different lengths will be in 10cm increments, from 0cm to 100cm. Experimental Procedure Apparatus: 1. 2 Batteries 2. Voltmeter 3. Ammeter 4. Metre ruler 5. Variable resistor 6. Rheostat 7. 1m wires mounted on a metre ruler 8. Crocodile clips 9. Connecting Wires Diagram: Method: When I set up the apparatus as the diagram above, I will put the slider in the middle of the variable resistor and I wont change its position throughout the experiment. I will get a metre ruler, which has wires mounted on it. I will get the crocodile clips and put one of the clips on 0cm and the other clip on 10cm. I will read the voltmeter reading as well as the ammeter reading. I will then take the other crocodile clip from 10cm and put the clip on 20cm. I again will read the voltmeter and ammeter readings. I will do the same for 30cm, 40cm. 100cm. I will repeat the experiment 3 times so the experiment will be a fair test. Safety Precautions I have thought about the safety precautions and I dont think there are any precautions to take. The wire could get hot if the voltage was too high, but in this particular experiment the voltage is supposed to be low. Results. Results Table Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Length of a conductor (cm) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (? ) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (? ) Average Resistance (? ) Results (trends or patterns of observations) From my table you can see that as the length of the conductor increases the resistance and voltage also increase but, the current decreases. Each time the length of the conductor doubles the resistance more or less doubles as well. The average is only really useful when the voltage and current are about the same. If the numbers are not around the same figure the average wouldnt really mean anything. It wouldnt be a true reflection on the other results. Conclusion In the planning part of this investigation I predicted that as the length of the conductor increases the resistance will also increase because the electrons will have more cations, the electrons will find it harder to go from one side to the other side. From my results table you can see that as the length increases the resistance will also increase. When the length goes from 40cm to 80cm, the resistance goes from 3. 96to 7. 95 The reason it happens is that in my theory I stated that the length of a conductor is similar to the length of a hallway. A shorter hallway would allow people to move through at a higher rate than a longer one. Resistance in wire depends on how thick and how long it is, and what it is made of. The thickness of the wire is called its gauge. The smaller the gauge, the longer the wire. Calculation of the percentage errors from the graph Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Length (cm) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance (? ) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance (? ) Average Resistance (? ) Line of Best Fit Difference % error Evaluation How accurate was the investigation? I think the investigation was quite accurate because I repeated the experiment 3 times and the results in the results table were all close to each other. The replicates are close to together, which means I could calculate a representative average. The apparatus was accurate because I had the right amount of everything I needed. However, if the connecting wires were a bit thinner than it would have been an even more accurate investigation. Overall I think the accuracy of the apparatus was good enough for this particular experiment because it is standard and the majority of the schools in England also use this apparatus. I dont think that the method could have lead to any inaccuracies, because everything was more or less accurate. The line of best fit looks perfect and there arent any anomalous results. Was this a suitable procedure? It was a suitable investigation because I got what I expected and it proved my prediction. Also, a lot of people done this investigation like this because it is good. My graph is also good, so I know the suitability of the investigation is positive. Was the evidence sufficient to support a firm conclusion? Yes, because if you look at my graph, it was done to a good degree of accuracy. As the length doubled, the resistance also doubled, so it was reliable. Also the % of error was less than 5. 00% all the time. The replicates are close to the average. I got what I wanted because I did some research so I knew what to expect. How could the investigation be improved? Improvements I would do the experiment more time to get a better average. I would do the investigation 3 times which would mean I could do it on 3 separate graphs with the same apparatus. I would also use a longer wire from 1m to 2m. Further work After doing this investigation, I could investigate another variable such as resistivity (type of wire). I would do the experiment by doing the following; 1. I would set up the apparatus. 2. I would cut 30cm of copper, tungsten, constantan, nichrome and steel wire. 3. I would measure the voltmeter and ammeter readings. 4. I would calculate the resistance. 5. I would repeat the experiment 3 times to get an average voltage and an average current. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Calibrating a pressure gauge using an air-operated dead-weight pressure gauge tester for air gauges

Calibrating a pressure gauge using an air-operated dead-weight pressure gauge tester for air gauges INTRODUCTION: Calibrationis the set of operations that establish the relationship between the values of quantities indicated by a measuring instrument and the corresponding values realized by standards. The result of a calibration allows for the determination of corrections to be made with regards to the indicated values. It may also help in determining other metrological properties such as the effect of influence quantities. The results of a calibration are usually documented and referred to as calibration certificate or a calibration report. Necessary adjustments are made to the instrument after calibration so that it always indicates readings corresponding to given values of the quantity measured. When the instrument is made to give a null indication corresponding to a null value of the quantity to be measured, the set of operation is called zero adjustment . The Calibration Process The first thing to consider in calibrating an instrument is its design. In order to be able to calibrate an instrument, the design of the instrument has to be capable of measurements that are withinengineering tolerance when used within certain conditions and over a reasonable period of time. The criteria used for assigning tolerance values vary according to regions and according to type of industry. Manufacturers of instruments assign a general measurement tolerance and suggest the calibration interval as well as the optimum environment for use and storage of the instrument. The user of the instrument on the other hand assigns the actual calibration interval, on the instruments likely usage level. For example, if a manufacturer states that an instrument needs to be calibrated after usage for 8-12 hours of use 5 days per week is six months, that same instrument in 24/7 usage would generally get a shorter interval. The assignment of calibration intervals can be a formal process based on the results of previous calibrations. Calibration process versus cost Generally, the process of calibrating an instrument is a difficult and expensive one. As a rule of thumb, the cost for ordinary equipment support is generally about 10% of the purchasing cost of the instrument on a yearly basis. Exotic devices such asscanning electron microscopes,gas chromatographsystems andlaserinterferometerdevices can be even more expensive to calibrate. When the instruments being calibrated are integrated with computers, the integrated computer programs and any calibration corrections are also under control. The calibration paradox Successful calibration has to be consistent and systematic. At the same time, the complexity of some instruments requires that only key functions be identified and calibrated. Under those conditions, a degree of randomness is needed to find unexpected deficiencies. Even the most routine calibration requires a willingness to investigate any unexpected observation. Theoretically, anyone who can read and follow the directions of a calibration procedure can perform the work. It is recognizing and dealing with the exceptions that is the most challenging aspect of the work. This is where experience and judgement are called for and where most of the resources are consumed. THEORY Principles of Operation Of Dead Weight Testers Pressure is defined as force per unit area i.e. P=F/A F=M x g (product of mass and the acceleration acting on that mass) This simple principle is used by Dead weight pressure testers to generate a very stable and accurate pressure. A series of weights are loaded on to a piston unit which is housed inside a cylinder. In principle, the components of the above equations are as follows: A is the effective cross-sectional area of the piston unit M is the mass of the weights loaded on top of the piston unit in addition to the mass of the piston unit itself. g is the gravitational acceleration acting on the piston and mass set. For example, if a piston of area A = in2 (0.18cm2) weighing M = 12.5lb (5.67kg) is supported by a fluid in a cylinder, the pressure in the fluid is 12.5lb=100lb/in2 (7kg/cm2). The piston- cylinder and the weights are called a dead-weight balance. The effective area of the piston and cylinder unit is an approximation of the average of the areas of the piston and of the cylinder. The performance of a tester depends largely on the accuracy with which the piston and cylinder are manufactured. These should be straight and round and have a good finish. They are usually made from hardened and stabilised tool steels, however, on the air operated type, high chromium steel is used to prevent corrosion. They are protected from high pressure such that the piston would not leave its cylinder and if the weights are supplied without air- pressure, the piston will not be in compression. The accuracy can be illustrated by stating that a variation of 0.1ÃŽÂ ¼m on the effective diameter of a piston/cylinder unit would result in an area charge of 63ppm. The area of the piston-cylinder units are compared with NPL Standards. Two units can be compared by connecting them hydraulically (or on gas) under pressure; when they were in balance, the area say AD to be determined was found from the known area of an NPL unit say Ak, showing the weights applied to each say WD and Wk from the equation. When instrument accuracies are calculated, allowance is made for the fact that effective area of the piston/cylinder unit increases with pressure. These is negligible on low pressure testers but becomes significant on testers such as type 380D (600 bar) and 380H (1200 bar). For the 4000 bar type the weights for equal increments of pressure are greater as the pressure increases up to 4000 bar and weight must be applied in the correct sequence. The accuracy certificate of a tester takes into account the buoyancy of the piston immersed in liquid. When testing gauges on liquid it may also be necessary to allow for liquid head (1 cm corresponds to 1 mb). The datum levels of the hydraulic piston/cylinder units are marked with a groove on the outer diameter of the unit. The effect of heads could normally be ignored on air testers. The certificate also gives details of the corrections to be made for change in temperature of the unit from 20oC due to expansion of the piston/cylinder unit and also of corrections due to g varying from standard gravity. The hydraulic testers can have accuracies of 0.01% on 1/16 in2 piston/cylinder unit, 0.015% on 1/80 in2 and 0.02% on 1/160 in2 units. Apparatus: 1. A pressure gauge that could measure up to 100 lb/in2bar 2. A Budenberg an air-operated pressure gauge calibrator: Made with levelling screws at its base which is used to mount it on a bench, a 0.5 square inch piston-cylinder unit, two control valves, one 0.5 inch B.S.P gauge connection, some weights (each marked with corresponding pressures they exert). The apparatus can basically be divided into three elements: The piston and cylinder units The weights The testers. The Piston-Cylinder unit The effective area of the piston and cylinder unit is an approximation of the average of the areas of the piston and of the cylinder and is 0.5 in2. The weight exerted by the unit is 0.1 kg/cm2 or 0.1bar. The Piston-Cylinder unit is made from high chromium steel is used to prevent corrosion. It is also fitted with mechanical stops to prevent the piston leaving the cylinder housing if the applied pressure is excessive, and if the weights are supplied without air- pressure, the piston will not be in compression. There is a small gap between the piston and the cylinder so that when the piston rotates in the cylinder the pressure medium forms a bearing eliminating friction and metallic contact; any viscous forces are circumferential and so do not act in a vertical direction and so do not affect the accuracy of the balance. If the gap between the piston and the cylinder is too small, the piston will not rotate freely at low pressure long enough for a true balanced pressure to be attained. If the gap is too large, there will be a leakage between the two and the piston will fall in the cylinder. The piston will spin for a reasonable length of time at low pressure and will remain in its floating position for several minutes at high pressures. The Weights The weights used are DH-Budenberg, manufactured from series 300 austenitic stainless steel, which makes them highly resistant to corrosion and magnetic permeability. They are marked with the nominal pressure value that they will generate (in bar) when used with the piston-cylinder unit they are designed for. These weights have been manufactured to specific set of tolerances and according to National (NPL) standards to give an accuracy of 0.015% under all nominal conditions. They give the appropriate force when subjected to a gravitational acceleration of 9.80665m/s2(International Standard, g) and in an air of density 1.2 kg/m3. The Tester This is the last element of the dead-weight tester. This unit is generally called the pneumatic dead weight tester base. It is the unit that generates the pressure which is then applied to the piston-cylinder unit and the instrument under calibration. It is supplied with an incoming port where a clean dry non-corrosive source of gas is connected. The type 240 air-operated tester has two valves: one valve to admit air from a H.P. supply to raise the pressure and one to release air to the atmosphere. PROCEDURE 1. The gauge to be calibrated was properly cleaned to remove any dirt or chemical contamination that could contaminate the tester. Using a bonded seal at the joint the Gauge was screwed on to the calibration equipment. 2. Using the conversion table given, (see table 2) the weight required in bar to test a pressure indicated by the gauge (the one being calibrated) was checked and the dead-weight piston was loaded with weight equivalent to the desired pressure less the pressure of the Piston-Cylinder unit. For example, when it was required to test the 10 lb/in2 reading on the gauge scale, the amount of weight required was 0.69 bar (from the table). But the piston already weighed 0.1 bar so this was subtracted from 0.69 bar to get 0.59 bar. So only 0.59 bar of weight equivalent was loaded onto the piston. 3. Next, the left-hand valve which releases pressure from the tester was closed. 4. Then, to test for rising pressure, the right-hand valve which admits pressure to the tester was opened carefully. This admitted pressure into the tester and the rate of pressure rise was watched on the gauge under test. As the pressure approached the desired value to be tested, the weights were spun carefully, and as soon as the piston began to float half way between the two stops, the reading of the pressure gauge was taken. The release valve was opened and the admitting valve was closed. 5. Next, to test for falling pressure, the release valve was closed and the admitting valve was opened. As the pressure rose beyond the desired pressure, the admitting valve closed and the release valve was opened slowly to enable the pressure drop in the tester. As the pressure approached the required pressure, the weight was spun carefully and ss soon the piton began to float half way between the two stops, the reading on the gauge was taken. All the pressure was then released. 6. A new set of weights were loaded on the piston to test the next pressure reading. These steps were carried out for pressure readings of from 10 lb/in2 to 100 lb/in2 at intervals of 10 lb/in2. The readings obtained were tabulated in table 2. RESULTS The results obtained were tabulated as in below Pressure being tested (lbf/in2) Applied Load Minus 0.1 (bar) Actual reading Up pressure (lbf/in2) Down Pressure (lbf/in2) 10 0.69 10.5 9.50 20 1.38 19.50 19.00 30 2.07 29.50 29.00 40 2.76 39.00 39.00 50 3.45 49.50 49.00 60 4.14 59.50 59.00 70 4.83 69.00 69.00 80 5.52 79.00 78.50 90 6.21 89.00 88.50 100 6.9 99.00 99.50 Table 1 showing readings from calibration exercise. CONCLUSION The calibration of the pressure gauge using a dead weight tester was carried out; Based on the experimental results obtained a deviation in the calibrated reading was compared to the theoretical values. Therefore the pressure gauge on the downwards pressure was observed to be not appropriate for very low pressure levels; Especially when the supplied air pressure is low incapable of lifting the applied load this can be express mathematically as: Psa = W/Pd were W = Psa x Pd W = weight/load Pd = downwards pressure Psa = supplied air pressure Therefore applied load/weight is directly proportional to the obtainable pressure gauge calibration meter readings. Sources of Errors: Â · Possible air leakage from the valves. Â · Error due to parallax when reading the half way level mark. Â · Possible pushing down on the piston while spinning the weight. Â · Possible loss of pressure in the piston hydraulics. REFERENCE 1. N. E. Connor, Gas Quality Measuring Devices on Gas Measurement University of Salford, 1969 2. DH- Budenberg, An-Introduction-to-Dead-Weight-Testers @ http://www.scribd.com/doc/18933664 (25th Nov, 2009) 3. Wikipedia Encyclopaedia (www.wikipedia.com) 4. Practical Manual on pressure gauge calibration, 2009.

Compare and contrast what the poems My Last Duchess and The Laboratory :: English Literature

Compare and contrast what the poems My Last Duchess and The Laboratory are saying about human relationships. Compare and contrast what the poems ‘My Last Duchess’ and ‘The Laboratory’ are saying about human relationships and how the poet makes the poems interesting. The laboratory is about a woman wanting to poison/ kill her rivals so she can be the kings mistress. My Last Duchess is about a man describing his last Duchess, and how the painter flirted with her, he describes her features that show the painter was flirting with her. Both ‘The Laboratory’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ are of anger and resentment, in ‘The Laboratory’ it is the discarded mistress who is jealous about other women flirting and dancing with the King, and in ‘My Last Duchess’ it is of the Duke, and he is showing dis-pleasure in the way the his last Duchess conducted herself with other men. The quotes that back these up are, In the Laboratory. ‘Soon at the King’s, a mere lozenge to give And Pauline should have just thirty minutes to live! But to light a pastille, and Elise, with her head, And her breast and her arms and her hands should drop dead!’ and in ‘ My Last Duchess’ it was ‘Too easily impressed; she like whate’er. The writer in the poems are trying to say relationships break down for one reason or another, in these cases it’s infidelity, one person casting off someone for others, and in ‘The Laboratory’ she is fascinated with the process of how the alchemist makes the poisons, she thinks the poisons are beautiful, but they are very deadly, she uses beautiful words to make the poisons seem beautiful e.g. ‘ And yonder soft phial, the exquisite blue, sure to taste sweet,- is that poison too.’ She wants the poisons to be quick and effective, and if they suffer it would be a bonus. The poets wrote them this way because they are ballade, and use rhyme and rhythm almost as if telling a story, the poets use alliteration ‘which is the poison to poison her prithee’ and onomatopoeia ‘Grind, Mash, Pound’ and in ‘My Last Duchess’ he uses similes ‘look as if she

Statue of the Blessed Virgin :: Religion Prayers Irish Papers

Statue of the Blessed Virgin One of the best-kept secrets of Irish culture is the moving statues phenomenon that erupted in the mid-eighties all over the republic of Ireland. In August 1985, there were reports from the small town of Mountcollins that a statue of the Blessed Virgin had been seen to move. In the following months there were reports of the same phenomenon coming from small rural areas all over the country. Many people traveled to county Limerick to view the statue at Garryowen, following reports that some people had seen blood coming from one of the hands of Our Lady. The Rosary was recited several times each night as hundreds converged on the shrine. I myself went to once such gathering late at night at Mountcollins to see what was going on. The crowd chanted the Rosary over and over with their eyes glued to the statue of the Virgin Mary that was standing up in an alcove of a fake grotto similar to hundreds all over Ireland. It was dark and the statue had a spotlight on it. Behind the faithful, the re was a wood with the main road beyond. The Rosary recitals gradually gave way to "Mother of God, pray for us" that quickly became a rather feverish chanting of "Pray for us, pray for us, PRAY FOR US"! that got faster and more desperate as time pasted. Scenes like this sprang up nationwide with new sightings everyday. Everyone was talking about it at the pub, church or school and the media fanned the flames even more with daily coverage. Each person you spoke to who believed it was a true miracle, claimed a unique experience of the phenomena. Some said they saw the statue's hand move a bit or that a tear feel from her eye or most commonly the apparition of Christ's face upon the statue of Mary's face. The most skeptical about the whole rumpus was actually the clergy who found themselves dealing with a religious happening that was not within their control with impromptu prayer gatherings springing up everywhere. Their calls for caution in the media were generally disregarded by the members of the public caught up in the excitement. Some of this excitement began to turn a bit sour when rumors began to circulate that these miracles were actually dire omens of a coming apocalypse. It was reported in the papers that some woman claimed t o have had a vision that this was the beginning of a series of pre-apocalyptic portents that heralded the end of everything.

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge :: Essays Papers

On the Application of Scientific Knowledge The concept of ‘knowledge’ is infinitely broad, but there do exist three subcategories in which a majority of knowledge is encompassed. The knowledge contained within each category carries with it different characteristics, different applications, and certainly varying amounts of weight from the perspective of any individual. The three categories are religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge. Many questions arise when examining this system of partition. Should knowledge from one category be trusted over knowledge from another? Is one type of knowledge more easily verified than a different type? What exactly are all the differences between religious, mathematical, and scientific knowledge? Reasonable answers to all these questions could not responsibly be answered in this, or any single paper, however, there is one question that can be answered to a reasonable degree of certainty. Which type of knowledge is the most applicable to the real world ? Despite the mass appeal of religious knowledge and the arguable purity of mathematical knowledge, it is the tangible scientific knowledge that is most useful and most applicable to the real world. In order to justify this, it is necessary to present at least a brief investigation into each type of knowledge, noting its origin, appeal, and other unique characteristics. We begin with religious knowledge. 86% percent of people in the world categorize themselves as religious1. This must imply that a very large proportion of the world’s population puts at least some trust in religious knowledge. The problem with discussing religious knowledge is that it is based completely on faith. There is no accepted â€Å"proof† of the existence of a god or gods, so when an individual chooses to believe in a higher power, he or she does so by possessing faith in the truthfulness and accuracy of the religious texts and/or oral tradition associated with that religion. Many religious people, especially those deeply religious, consider the existence of god simply as a given in life. â€Å"What truth so obvious, so certain, as the being of a God, which the most ignorant ages have acknowledged†¦what truth so important as this, which is the ground of all our hopes, the surest foundation of morality, the firmest support of society, and the only principle which ought never to be a moment absent from our thoughts and meditations.

Yellow Fever

1.) Three diseases that could possibly be related to Todd's case are Malaria, Yellow Fever, and Typhoid Fever. All of these included the same symptoms, such as: fever, headache, chills, vomiting, bleeding of some type(gums or nose†¦. even though â€Å"nose bleeding† wasn't a symptom of Todd's†¦ it still threw up a red flag to me), joint pain(could be related to back pain), liver symptoms(yellow skin/jaundice – Malaria doesn't have â€Å"liver symptoms†, but it does have ‘anemia' as a symptom, so this still placed it as a â€Å"contender† for me)†¦etc. 2.) The pathogen most likely affecting Todd is the genus Flavivirus, which is transmitted by the vector Masoni africana. I believe this to be the pathogen & vector not only because it is the primary carrier of yellow fever(which matches the signs & symptoms Todd was experiencing), but also because it is found in tropical areas(they were in the rain forests of Ghana). 3.) The clinical name for Todd's condition is Jungle/Sylvatic Yellow Fever(Coquillettidia fuscopennata). It is usually spread from infected monkeys to humans by the bite of a female mosquito. It is most commonly found in tropical rain forests(aka ‘jungles')†¦. this is where the â€Å"jungle† part of the name of the condition derives from. – The â€Å"yellow† part of ‘Yellow Fever' comes from the fact that as the virus enters the later(toxic phase), the liver is damaged, causing jaundice(YELLOWing of the skin). 4.) There are two types of Yellow Fever†¦ Urban Yellow Fever and Jungle/Sylvatic Yellow Fever. The Urban Yellow Fever is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is spread when the mosquito bites an infected person and then carries that virus to another human. The Jungle/Sylvatic Yellow Fever usually originates in monkeys and is typically spread to humans when they enter a rainforest in Africa(or any other tropical atmosphere) via the Masoni africana. -This virus can't be spread from person to person†¦ only by mosquito bite. 5.) If Kevin wasn't bitten by a mosquito with this specific virus, he won't have the virus(or any symptoms of this virus). He should, however, be tested for this virus because the first symptoms don't appear until 3-6 days after being bitten by the mosquito. 6.) The virus is endemic in the tropical areas of Africa, due to the fact that the Masoni africana is found in African rainforests AND most of the residents of this area have built up an immunity to this virus†¦ but it could possibly become an epidemic if large numbers of non-Africa-residing people continue to visit this area and become infected OR if the mosquitos that carry this virus are brought out of Africa to other areas of the world and begin to infect numerous individuals. 7.) Yellow Fever is very UNcommon in the United States†¦ the incidence rate is approximately 1:272,000,000. 8.) There is no specific treatment for Yellow Fever. The infected individual is usually hospitalized and signs and symptoms are treated as they arise†¦. Such administering fluids for dehydration, pain relief medications, dialysis for kidney failure, blood transfusions due to massive blood loss†¦etc. 9.) It IS possible that Todd will die from this virus. It is estimated that there are 30,000 deaths out of the 200,000(worldwide) total cases of Yellow Fever annually. 10.) The Yellow Fever vaccine is available and is the single-most important preventative measure against this virus. It has been shown to provide immunity for 30-35 years or more and begins to provide immunity within one week. This immunization is required prior to arriving in Ghana(Africa).

Key problems at Edit 4U and recommendations

Drury ( 2008 ) has defined direction accounting as â€Å"†¦ the proviso of information to people within the administration to assist them do better determinations and better the efficiency and effectivity of bing operations.† Making the most effectual and efficient determinations is one of the most critical things to make because this leads to a successful growing and profitableness of the company. Assorted places like the Board of Directors make these important determinations every twenty-four hours in order to function the shareholders’ involvements and to do certain that the concern will go on to run in the hereafter. The determinations are made utilizing competent direction accomplishments, different managerial experiences and whether the direction chose to be a hazard taker or a hazard averse. Edit 4U ( E4U ) is a household owned concern who provides redaction and layout service for magazines. The concern was set up with the purpose to be profitable and to vie with other concerns in the same field whilst the economic system of Ireland is dining. As a get downing business- jobs and troubles could non be avoided which is the ground why this study has been commissioned. The study will supply information and concern advice to decide jobs that Mr. and Mrs. O’Sullivan is presently sing. The cardinal issues of the concern will be analysed and examined to be able to give the right solutions and recommendations to Mr. Sean O’Sullivan. Different direction accounting techniques would be endorsed in order to better the public presentation of the concern. KEY ISSUES The cardinal issues that have been found whilst the analyzing the concern is as follows: I.Costing Method Pricing occupations or merchandise costing is one of the cardinal issues that Sean and Mary are presently confronting. Sean does non cognize how to be a service per column occupation which has led to inaccurate fiscal statements and false figure of gross ( Banker & A ; Hughes, 1994 ) . A direction accounting research by Brignall, et Al ( 1991 ) have mentioned that merchandise costing are used for ‘ †¦ stock list rating, merchandise pricing, mix determinations and for direction planning and control’ . It is indispensable that a concern cost their service right because it helps the direction make better determinations towards the profitableness of the concern. The cost-plus pricing could be an option that Edit 4U could utilize because this determines the merchandising monetary value and costs of the service they offer. This is calculated based on Sean’s chosen net income border for the company. Furthermore, Edit 4U could utilize a merchandise costing system which helps to be products/ services based on the demand for the occupation. Marginal costing, soaking up costing and activity based costing are some of the bing methods that Sean could utilize to accurately monetary value the column services that they offer to their clients. The Activity Based Costing ( Garg & A ; Rafiq, 2002 ) method `†¦aid strategic determination devising, it act as a lens into the concern procedure leting resources to be expeditiously allocated and to enable cost decrease and in conclusion, it is an allotment mechanism that transfer pricing internal and external to the organisation’ . This indicates that the footing of allotment which a theoretical account is shown in Appendix 1should be considered to be implemented throughout the company because this will divide up the costs that are allocated consequently to its cost Centres. The method ensures that costs are being driven by the right cost Centres and they are exactly measured. Enforcing a direction accounting technique will ensue to a better service pricing based on the customization of each client ( Caplan, 2014 ) . However, in order to make these more information is needed from the concern. For illustration, Sean should account for all the relevant costs because this will back up him to take the most efficient determination with respects to the hereafter of the concern. Options should besides be considered because this will move as insurance in instance the first determination fails. In add-on, more information like how much work is allocated to a customized redaction service ; the type of merchandise mix that they are traveling to offer that could give high soaking up rate and how much is the demand for their service. These are some of information that would be required from Sean and Mary to to the full set a monetary value on services that they offer. Equally good as supplying extra information it is recommended that Sean and Mary use the client profit ableness analysis ( Epstein, 2000 ) which is shown in Appendix 2. II.Planning and Control The following cardinal issue to be raised is the deficiency of separation between the family and the business’ disbursals since Sean utilizations portion of their place as an office. The Activity Based Costing will assist Sean and Mary to allocate the cost more accurately with respects to the disbursals used in the concern. The deficiency of planning and control in the concern could take to hapless determinations being made, hapless hard currency flow, and they could be taking the business’ objectives to a incorrect way ( Lucey, 2009 ) . The Cost Volume Profit ( Drury, 2013 ) analysis â€Å"examines the relationship between alterations in activity and alterations in entire gross revenues gross, costs and net profit.† The analysis is a direction accounting technique that determines how many products/ services can a concern green goods in order to breakeven. This means that the analysis could let the direction to happen out how much services they can offer in order for the concern to gain net income. The analysis is besides used to pull the border of safety that will demo the scope of units before the concern will happen some loss. Using this sort of direction accounting technique could forestall Sean from doing the incorrect determination for the company. However, the analysis will non work if there is non adequate information available which makes it impossible for the concern to build the cost volume net income analysis right ( ACCA, 2014 ) . Some of the information that will be needed to bring forth the analysis is the expected gross revenues of the concern, the variable cost, the fixed costs and the part per unit of the merchandise. Therefore, it is recommended that the concern should go on on utilizing the accounting system that they already have because this will guarantee that the grosss and disbursals are accurately accounted for. Furthermore, this will do certain that the books remain balance and their VAT returns will be addressed right. III.Business Venture The last issue that will be analysed and discussed is the prospective concern venture that Sean will come in with Fergus. There are Numberss of concerns that would necessitate to be resolved in order to do the right determination for Edit 4U’s concern venture ( Datar, et al. , 2012 ) . The first concern is the loan that Fergus will borrow from Sean to pay for the printing and distribution costs. I would propose to Sean to make a full background and recognition cheque on Fergus before he agrees to make a concern venture with him. The ground for this is that Sean demands to do certain that Fergus is a believable individual and has a clean repute amongst Bankss and edifice societies. If Fergus has a bad repute as a man of affairs, so this could post great menaces and hazards to the concern venture and could stain Sean’s concern repute. However, if Sean wants to prosecute the concern venture so he would necessitate to come in into a contract with Fergus that contains all the conditions that Sean has with respects to any jobs in the hereafter sing Fergus’ credibleness. Sean will necessitate to retrieve that even though they have a contract, he could non alter the public’s sentiments towards him if there was a dirt about the concern venture. The 2nd concern would be the failure to budget the hard currency flows of the concern. Budgeting is a direction accounting technique which ensures that the hard currency out flow and inflow will be accounted ( Russell, et Al, 2001 ) C. Using this technique Sean and Fergus would be able to be after and do determinations about the hereafter of the concern and they can accurately cognize the costs and predicted grosss. If the concern does non utilize any accounting technique so it will be hard for the direction to find the public presentation of the concern and they will non be able to run into their aims. Last, Sean should be cognizant on how many yearss their creditors are giving them because if the company fails to pay these creditors in clip they will be given non to swear the company and discontinue making concern with Edit 4U. The worst instance scenario is the company traveling to travel on bankruptcy ( Agarwala & A ; Taffler, 2008 ) . Using personal recognition cards and overdraft installation as a capital is non the most efficient manner to finance a concern because this could take to paying higher involvement rates that will incur each month. In order to avoid losing the creditor’s yearss a direction accounting technique called ‘accounting ratio’ should be practiced. Patton has mentioned on his Accounting reappraisal in 1982 that ratio analysis could be really utile in countries like ‘analysis of concern minutess in markets that may non be efficient ; contractual bounds based on accounting rations and public presentation anticipation and hazard rating in an efficient market’ . Some people might believe that accounting ratios are non utile but in fact these ratios could steer the direction of the company to whether the concern is executing good and it could besides uncover how many yearss their creditors would necessitate to be paid and when they are traveling to have hard currency influxs from their debitors. However, if more information like the fiscal studies is available, it is possible for the company to to the full analyze and see the public presentation of the company. The accounting ratio could assist the company pull off its hard currency flows efficaciously. Therefore, I would propose for Sean and Fergus to utilize the ratio analysis technique whether they go in front or non with the concern venture. CONCLUSIONS & A ; RECOMMENDATIONS After analyzing and measuring the cardinal issues of Edit 4U, I conclude that Sean who started the concern along with his married woman Mary should utilize and implement a figure of direction accounting techniques in order for their concern to be enhanced, to turn and to place the costs expeditiously. As a direction adviser, I would urge for Mr. and Mrs. O’Sullivan to utilize the undermentioned: Activity Based Costing to be the service that Edit 4U offers and to apportion the costs efficaciously to each cost drivers. The Profitability Analysis should be used to calculate the profitableness of a undertaking and the concern. Cost Volume Profit ( CVP ) Analysis ( CSUS, 2014 ) should be used to be able to cognize when the units of end product and the sum of grosss breakeven. Budgeting and accounting ratios are used to analyze the concern venture between Fergus and Sean. These direction accounting techniques could give the two parties a better image of the public presentation of the concern. In add-on, these techniques could give them the most of import information needed to do determinations and send on their program. Therefore, after accounting the most of import key issues, it has been identified that more information is needed from Sean with respects to the past records and past public presentation of the company in order to utilize the direction accounting techniques and to acquire the most accurate consequences. The more accurate the consequences are from utilizing these techniques, the more accurate the determinations are made for the company.

Critique on Article “The Ends of Happiness” Essay

Dr Karl Giberson is a professor at Eastern Nazarene College with a PHD in Physics from Rice University. A man approaching his fifties at the writing of this article, Giberson’s solution to his mid-life crisis was to write an article â€Å"The Ends of Happiness†. His article was well written and he tries to impart his experiences with happiness to young adults. In the article, Giberson claims that happiness should be the end result of our efforts and he provides a compelling argument why we should not get caught up in our pursuit of happiness through materialistic gains. However, his arguments to back his thesis are inadequate due to an inherent contradiction in his supporting point and one unproven assumption in his article. Giberson (2006) uses the Candy Experiment with children to prove his point that our ability to withhold satisfaction leads to a â€Å"life time of happiness† (para. 5). He further explains that â€Å"unpleasant means can yield satisfying ends† (2006). This implies that our happiness will increase if we are able to set aside the things that make us happy, and work towards our goal. However, in his later argument, the author seems to imply that the happiest moments in his life, were times when he did not work towards materialistic gains. For instance, he claims he â€Å"lived well†, when he â€Å"left work early† and spent his time with his family (Giberson, 2006, para.12, 13 & 14). This illustrates his point that the most memorable moments in life comes from relationships as opposed to material gains (Giberson, 2006). While the latter argument supports his thesis, the former contradicts it by implying that happiness is something to be achieved through materialistic gains. This is shown in Giberson’s example about a student graduating with â€Å"greater earning power† (2006) and how this ability â€Å"is the formula for a lifetime of happiness† (Giberson, 2006, para. 5). Furthermore, Giberson’s argument seems to be contingent on one major assumption. That happiness gained from acquiring things, is less meaningful than happiness gained from spending time with family and friends. To illustrate his point, he cites evidence from his own memories. He states that memories gained from family time are clearer than the memories of â€Å"buying his first car† and â€Å"cashing his first paycheck† (Giberson, 2006, para.14). Giberson then applies this line of reasoning to back his thesis by showing us how happiness from material gains alone reduces our overall happiness as our social interactions decrease (Giberson, 2006). However, such opinionated evidence provides weak support to his thesis and even though he did not plan on writing a scientific article, using personal memories to validate such a major assumption weakens his argument substantially. In conclusion, Giberson has indeed written a well-structured editorial with many coherent and interesting points. However, contradicting arguments and one unsupported assumption in the article has undermined his thesis and weakened his argument. Giberson’s thesis would have fared much better had he quoted from valid sources instead of his own personal experiences. Reference Giberson, K. (2006, Mar. – Apr.). The Ends Of Happiness. Science & Spirit, 17, 6-7.

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment

Week 1 Business Trends Assignment Tanahya Young XCOM/285 ESSENTIALS OF MANAGERIAL COMMUNICATION 3/3/2013 ALISA JACKSON Communicating on the Job The communication involvement daily is a valued part of my process to complete the details of duties outline in my position description. I am required to listen to the spoke and unspoken during interactions with clients. My organization requires that myself and team members have efficient communication with each other and the clients that require our professional assistance.The communication with in the office must stay a flow along with all lines of the process. There is an immediate demand for effective communication from the processing department, to the office and directly to the client themselves. Management with Communication Technology maintains and organizes my daily activities. Technology advancements provide instant communication with the click of a button. I use several computer software databases daily to access much needed inform ation. Moreover, technology makes communications across the globe seem much closer.Instant communication access assists daily with contacting others with in the organization in other locations especially since many are in other locations. Almost all office employees are expected to know how to navigate through the Web and to use word processing, e-mail, spreadsheet, database, and presentation software. Trends in Business Communication Keeping a look out for trends in business in my organization is a way of supplying efficient customer service. When there is a trend identified the communication factor is a must to get the message out.The next line of business once a trend has been identified is to define and map out a plan for resolving the issue. Identifying trends and solving the issue of the trend is a team effort. There is involvement with revealing where the issue evolved from and all of the subject matter that created the issue. Then there is a process of elimination with every team member’s input on their take of the trend where email, Same Time communications and direct letters to clientele for notification.

Is Command and Control an Effective Management Style Essay - 4

Is Command and Control an Effective Management Style - Essay Example It is inappropriate for managers and  hence  managers should  consider  other management styles. There are other management styles, which are distinctively different from the command and control  style. They have proven effects on the positive change and  performance  of a company. These are not the days of considering  people  as working machines. People need to be managed and accorded respect  as being valuable to the company. Jackson K & Rowley C (2010, 136),  assert  that management styles such as the  modern  consultative and laissez-faire, are  extremely  productive. These and other methods  welcome  the ideas of the subjects in problem-solving. They are  advantageous  in that they  wholly  solve the problems that affect every  member, unlike the command and control. The command and  control  favor one side. The command and control are short of participation. Managers should be  analytical  in their ruling. This means that t hey should know the  root  of the problem, ask the why and how to solve them satisfactorily.The mind of a human  being  is highly  productive  when in a relaxed state. It is what controls the  body. When disturbed, then the outcome of the work done will not be  effective. It can be clearly seen from the video by Job Stains (public conversation website, n.d.), on the public conversation project that, threatening the  mind  leads to a state of relaxation leading to the production of hormones. These hormones  make  the  person  fight back or  decide  not to  react  to the threat. In the process, there are no results obtained as well as conflicts solved. The use of narrative as indicated by the narrative therapist (Morgan, 2000) can be a better way of managing people. Talking of the positive things is healthier than dwelling on the negatives. People interested in the things they consider  valuable  and not what discourages them.

History of Comedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of Comedy - Essay Example Old Comedy, like Greek tragedy, has a singing, dancing chorus who are characters in the play. New Comedy, from the middle of the 4th century BC, all over the Mediterranean (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/amahoney/ancient_comedy.html). Greek drama from c. 320 BC to the mid-3rd century BC that offers a mildly satiric view of contemporary Athenian society (http://www.answers.com/library/Britannica+Concise+Encyclopedia-cid-10234587). Many extant examples are representative of these methods. Old Comedy was the mighty genius of Aristophanes grafted in Pantagruelism has influenced Cervantes, Swift, Voltaire and others (Bates 1906). Though the word Pantagruelism is means the characters are sustained by court fool. He exploited both of the spirit and mechanical appliances of old Greek comedy. He adopted the disguise of buffoonery to attack some prevailing hypocrisy. This is what Aristophanes did to master the chief characteristics of his prototype. In Old Comedy, the chorus becomes more separate, and often sings entr'actes that have nothing to do with the play; later, the chorus is dropped altogether. During New Comedy, the chorus and representative of forces reduced to a small band of musicians and dancers.

Global Marketing Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example The second part of the study will be discussing the experience of 24/7 Stop as the primary provider of non-food commodities in the country. This part of the study will be covering the existing strategies that 24/7 Stop is engages in, such that they stay on top of the non-food retail industry. The paper will compose of the analysis of the company itself as well as the industry that it thrives in, particularly the non-food sector of the retail industry. The tools to be used in this examination include the analysis; analysis of its PEST and Porter's Diamond Model . The last part of the study will consist of a set of recommendations formulated by the researcher based on the results of the tools used in the analysis of the industry and the company. Thailand has done remarkably well since the beginning of the economic reform movement in 1978 (Wu, 1996). Between 1979 and 1995, Thailand's GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.5 percent. Thailand's exports grew even faster and Thailand now ranks among the world's top 10 exporting economies. Moreover, Thailand's entry into the WTO will make Thailand's door even more open. Both foreign investment and foreign trade are expected to increase (Chow, 2000). Foreign firms will begin to penetrate Thailand's financial and telecommunication sectors. Trade will increase in both directions and Thai tariffs will be lowered and Thai goods will have better access to world markets open to members of the WTO. Using foreign competition to stimulate the domestic economy is a major objective in seeking to join WTO, as explicitly stated by the government Bangladesh has become a pioneer in the international garments industry as she is a major exporter of garments in the world which is very helpful in the country because it contributes not only to the country's GNP but also for a number of reasons like for example it had created a number of jobs. The country had created many new jobs of about 1.5 million, mostly for women - have been created by the country's dynamic private ready-made garment industry, which grew at double-digit rates through most of the 1990s. Despite the country's politically motivated general strikes, poor infrastructure, and weak financial system, Bangladeshi entrepreneurs have shown themselves adept at competing in the global garments marketplace. Bangladesh's exports to the U.S. surpassed $1.9 billion in 1999. Bangladesh also exports significant amounts of garments and knitwear to the EU market. The country has done less well, however, in expanding its export base-garments account for more than three-fourths of a ll exports, dwarfing the country's historic cash crop, jute, along with leather, shrimp, pharmaceuticals and ceramics (Bangladesh Garment and Exporters Association, 1997). Bangladesh' overview in their economy has made significant strides in that sector since her independence in 1971. Although the economy has improved vastly in the 1990s, Bangladesh still suffers an image crisis due to her civil war period of early 1970s. Despite major impediments to growth like the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, inadequate power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms, Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA Wajed's Awami League government has made some headway improving the climate for foreign investors and liberalizing the capital markets; for example, it has negotiated with foreign firms

Should firearms be allowed in schools Research Paper

Should firearms be allowed in schools - Research Paper Example This makes it possible for intruders to access the premises and eventually mingle with unsuspecting students even in places such as dormitories, which are supposed to be out of bounds to strangers and other unauthorized persons (Newman, 2004). Furthermore, the ratio of security officers to civilians is never adequate to the extent of guaranteeing personal security to every individual unless every person undertakes to incur the expenditure of hiring personal body guards, who sometimes may turn out to be a bother as there is no way it would work if each and every student was accompanied by such guards to their lecture halls (Kopel, 2002). If this proposition is made legal, a methodology of ensuring compliance with the rules of handling guns would be brought forward in addition to constant evaluation on a student’s conduct to ensure that only those with sound and sober minds are allowed the privilege so as to avoid unethical behavior. If police officers, qualified civilians and o ther government security agencies can be entrusted to carrying guns, students can also be trained for example by introducing gun handling and usage lessons so as to make them responsible and aware of the consequences of not following laid down rules and regulations. The Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, shootings should be considered as a point of reference by those who may be misinformed on the vulnerability of college students. According to reports, an unknown armed person gained access to the institution on the 16th April 2007. Apparently, the said person embarked on a shooting spree whereby he killed two students in one of the dormitories and less than three hours later, he shot and killed 30 others in a classroom after which he committed suicide bringing the total number of deaths to 33, an occurrence that was termed as, â€Å"the deadliest shooting rampage in the American history (Hauser & O’Connor, 2007).† If students were allowed to carry guns, there is a high probabi lity that the number of victims would have been lower based on the fact that they would have used their weapons to overpower and probably kill the shooter before he could cause more damage as he did. On the contrary, most of the students tried to escape through the windows while others slept on the floor as a cover as there was no way they could have challenged the shooter. College students especially females should be allowed to carry guns as a measure to control the ever increasing rate of sexual assault both by acquaintances and unknown assailers. Women are generally considered to be weak in terms of defense especially when challenged by fellow men, who are considered to be more masculine thereby energetic. According to 2008 reports, more than 3000 college students are allegedly sexually assaulted within the institutions on yearly basis. Indeed, the same reports indicate that of all college men interviewed, 60% admitted that they would rape their fellow female friends under any c ircumstances deemed justifiable to them (Burnet, 2009). A woman needs protection and this has not been forthcoming in most of the colleges whereby culprits are allowed to go scot-free due to lack of substantial evidence whereas others are expelled from college only to return later

Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policing - Research Paper Example Policing How to Become a Police Officer in New York City New York has the second biggest police force in the United States with a total number of police officers in the department estimated to be about 5,000 (Skogan, 2006). The labor department foresees that there are going to be about 1,700 vacancies in the New York police department until 2018 (Skogan, 2006). Some of the positions available for interested candidates include aviation, highway patrol, criminal investigations, crime scene analysts as well as drug enforcement (Skogan, 2006). Educational requirements for candidates applying for positions in the police department in New York are a little bit higher as compared to other states. Candidates are required to have at least 60 credit units from college and a GPA of 2.0. The candidates are also required to be US citizens of about 21 years of age (Sherman & Eck, 2002). They must be New York residents with valid driving licenses and great vision of 20/100. Corrected vision with sp ectacle glasses has to be 20/20 for candidates to qualify. Apart from these qualifications, candidates are also taken through background investigations and tests as well as drug and substance abuse tests (Gaines & LeRoy Miller, 2006). The candidates are also obligated to take written Service Exam from the Department of Citywide Administrative Services (DCAS). This examination helps the department to pick highly qualified candidates to serve in the police force. Other examination tests taken include the written psychological test. Candidates will also be taken through very rigorous oral interviews and job standardized test to determine how the candidates can perform at various police tasks. Qualifying candidates will undergo police training at the New York Police Training Academy for about 28 weeks, after which they will go through field training for 10 more weeks before they can start serving the police department (Sherman & Eck, 2002). Management Structure of the New York Police De partment The New York Police Department is structured into various bureaus and units that help maintain peace and order in the State. The head of the department is the New City York Police Commissioner. The commissioner appoints deputies and assistants to help him run the department. In total, the New York Police Department is divided into eight different bureaus, among which six act as enforcement bureaus (Gaines & LeRoy Miller, 2006). The head of each bureau is known as the Bureau Chief, for instance the Chief of Patrol or Chief of Internal affairs. Each bureau is subdivided into various units, divisions and sections, each dealing with a specific issue (Gaines & LeRoy Miller, 2006). The department also has some specialized units that do not fall under any bureau, for instance the Operations Unit. These specialized units report directly to the Police Commissioner (Braga, Kennedy, Waring, & Piehl, 2001). The Police Commissioner, who is the head of the department, is a civilian polic e officer appointed by the Mayor of New York City (Braga et al., 2001). The police staff of the department comprises both civilian and uniformed police. Uniformed police officers in the department are charged with the responsibility of investigating crimes and performing law enforcement operations in the state. On the other hand, the civilian police o

The Times of Harvey Milk connection to Sociology Essay

The Times of Harvey Milk connection to Sociology - Essay Example ranciscans participated in the protest rally after the murder and they expressed their anger by indulging in violent activities including attack on police vehicles. People were more furious on the leniency shown to White, during the trial procedure. (Profile/milk, time.com). It is very interesting to view this movie in the context of sociological theories, and especially the hero Harvey Milk, due to the concepts of deviance and conflicts involved, through out his life. All the deviant activities and conflicting events including his assassination and the resulting violence were illustrating the various aspects of different sociological theories of deviances and conflicts. Every conflicts and perceived deviances occurred as a result of the courageous life practiced by Harvey Milk, by questioning the conventional ideas and traditional social perceptions. Conflict theories suggest that society and culture influences individual behavior. Economic and social inequality in a society is cited as the most significant cause of conflict. According to conflict theorists every society will be economically unequal. The most important and influential position are handled by powerful people in a society. (pathway2, sociology.org.uk). In this movie also it is evident that the Harvey Milk being a member of a gay community was discriminated by the general society, especially the governing class. The protagonist of the movie, Harvey Milk, is suffering mainly from the inner conflicts. The socio economic environment in which he was brought up was sufficient enough to create conflict in his own inner sense. While dealing with other people his sociological background influenced him. Conflicts are created through out the structure of the society presented in the movie. Conflict in the society is instigated by competition. There are three assumptions related to conflict theory which are suggested by the traditionalists. Interests of various groups in the society are the one aspect of

The Common Agricultural Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Common Agricultural Policy - Essay Example Thus (at least) from the perspective of the Treaty on European Union, (and its predecessor Treaties) funding for agriculture should be a medium for reducing or eradicating regional disparities within the European Union. Funding for agriculture within the Union has historically been dispensed under the Common Agricultural Policy. The Common Agricultural Policy came into being in 1962 after the ratification of the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and the resultant establishment of the Common Market. The establishment of the Common Market came with Treaty requirements that guaranteed the free movement of goods (among other freedoms like the free movement of services, persons, and capital). The member states of the then European Economic Community - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg - all had different agricultural policies that had some state intervention in the sector. France was however notable for its very strong state intervention in its agricultural sector and insisted on the maintenance of subsidies for the agricultural sector as a condition for the establishment of the Common Market. (BBC Q&A, 2005) Thus the issue of free trade guarantees in the Treaty of Rome and the barriers to trade in agricultural products that individual state intervention through subsidies in the agricultural sector would bring was evident. ... olicy thus presented a compromise through which a harmonisation of state intervention on a common basis could be maintained within the free trade guarantees of the Treaty of Rome and for the functioning of the Common Market. The establishment of the Common Agricultural Policy had the following objectives - to increase productivity to ensure fair living standards for the agricultural community, to stabilise markets, to ensure availability of food, and to provide food at reasonable prices. (Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome) In practice, the Common Agricultural Policy is a programme of financial subsidy paid to farmers and a trade policy that sets tariff and quota restrictions on the import of agricultural products from outside the European Union's Common Market. (El-Agraa, 2007) The financial subsidy under Common Agricultural Policy offers a guaranteed minimum price payable to producers of agricultural products, though the actual implementation and maintenance of the subsidy programme varies from different member states in the European Union. The Common Agricultural Policy has undergone changes over time to meet with policy, structural and domestic and international demands for reform among others. Currently, the 'decoupling' scheme is one of the central reform tools being used by the European Union detach production subsidies. (Jeffery, 2003) Payment of subsidies is no longer tied to the volume of production of agricultural produce. The single payment scheme is one of the policies that have been adopted to 'decouple' subsidies from production. (El-Agraa, 2007; Anderson and Josling, 2007) The maintenance of subsidies with production had resulted in a system where farmers produced for subsidies and not necessarily for the market. This resulted in an over production of

The Face of American Poverty Essay Example for Free

The Face of American Poverty Essay Poverty is a social ill that is affecting most developing countries in the world, if not all. This is evidenced by the peoples lack of access to basic commodities such as food, clothing and shelter due to insufficiency of foods to purchase these needs. More often than not, this kind of situation is associated to third world countries like the Philippines and Vietnam and less identified with industrialized countries because people in the latter have more access to a better life and an abundance of job opportunities. United States is a country that could be least likely identified with poverty, however, statistics revealed there are millions of people in America who are living a poor life. This hidden problem of America was magnified to the whole world when hurricane Katrina destroyed properties in southern United States, specially New Orleans. A BusinessWeek article (Farell 2005) reported that the disaster reminded every American of the big class divide in the country. The whites who had more means were able to find a safer place to stay as the disaster hit their homes while the blakcs who have just enough or not even, were left on their rooftops crying for help. They barely had enough to save themselves from the brutal effects of the hurricane. Based on the latest statistics that the bureau released (Current Population Report 20), America, an industrialized country and one of the most powerful countries in the world houses 36. 5 million people, 24. 3 percent of which are Blacks, 10. 3 percent are Asians and 8. percent are non-Hispanic whites. Poverty in the United States is measured by the Bureau of Census using the money income earned by the family members. If the total income of the family is below the familys threshold, every individual in the family is considered as among those people suffering in poverty. There are 48 possible poverty thresholds that may be assigned to each family. These thresholds vary according to family size and ages of th e members of the family. The thresholds are annually updated in consideration of the inflation and other factors. These thresholds in a way reflect the family needs and serve as statistical yardsticks; however, these statistics alone do not provide a comprehensive description of what a family needs to live decently. The measurement, which the bureau uses, was derived from the Office of Management and Budgets Statistical Policy Directive 14. The thresholds that are being utilized to measure poverty were formulated in 1963 by the U. S. Department of Agriculture food budgets initially for families who are under economic stress (U. S. Bureau of Census 20) According to the Current Population Report of the U. S.  Bureau of Census (20), Table 3, People and Families in Poverty by Selected Characteristics: 2005 and 2006, South America has the highest number of people who are living in poverty, it reaches about 14 million and constitutes almost 14 percent of poor Americans. The other regions only registered an average of 11 percent each of the table listing the American people who are living in poverty. Aside from this, the statistics also show that majority of the Americans who are poor are native born. Those who are foreign born and naturalized citizens only comprised a small percentage of Americans living poverty. The bulk of these poor people range from the age bracket of 18 to 64 years oldthe working age. However, the poverty that America defines is a lot different from the definition of poverty in developing countries. As indicated in the research, Understanding Poverty in America, by Robert Rector and Johnson Johnson (n. pag. ), the poor in America are better off compared to those who are considered poor in developing countries. The research revealed that a poor American has a car, a house in good repair and has air-conditioning, clothes washer and cable television among others. According to Results. org (n. pag. ), the face of a poor person in America is a single parent working full time but still has no sufficient funds to pay for their food needs, rent, medical bills and car costs for travel. Results. org (n. pag. ) also revealed that an American who experiences hunger is in a better state than those who are in really poor countries because unlike the latter who really have nothing, Americans still have food to eat the only problem is that the food that they eat is not sufficient to meet a nutritious diet. According to the organization report (n. pag. ), the face of hunger in America is a malnourished child whose parents are not earning enough to purchase healthy and nutritious food and sometimes has to skip meals. The research conducted by Rector and Johnson (n. pag. ) showed that one of the problems of poor Americans is malnutrition, however, this malnourishment that poor Americans face is not under nutrition but obesity. Their findings show that most of the adult Americans are obese because their diets compose mostly of foods that are high in fat. They consume this kind of food more often due to lack of money to purchase food that could provide a better diet. Based on the findings of Rector and Johnson (n. pag. ), poverty is caused by two main factors: the absence of the father in the house and the fact that parents only spend less time at work. The research show that poor families are only supported by 800 work hours per year or 16 hours per week on the average. If the parents spend longer hours at work, then they could earn more and there is a greater possibility that the family would not fall among the list of poor families. In addition to this, the researchers also found out that the absence of a father in the house is also a great factor in the rise of poverty in the United States. Out-of-wedlock pregnancies are becoming more prevalent in the American society and this causes a surge in the number of single parents that are supporting their children. More often than not, the income that these single parents are generating is not enough to sustain their family’s needs thus; they fall within the poverty line. If there were two parents that are earning for the family then there would be more funds to buy the family the needs. Aside from these factors, Isabel Sawhill (n. pag. ) also cited other reasons for the emergence of poverty in the United States. One the reasons that she gave is the lack of employment opportunities among the poor people. This unemployment is actually caused by several reasons such as the mismatch between the required skills of employers and those that are offered by employees. Another reason is the fact that American workers need to compete with cheaper foreign labor. Their competition forces the need for Americans to accept lower wages in order to earn a living and supply the needs of their family. If they do not lower their salary expectations then it is more likely that foreign labor will prevail and complete the job. Another factor that affects unemployment in the United States is racial discrimination. There are employers who prefer to accept white Americans for better paying jobs as compared to the Blacks, Hispanics or Asians. Some American corporations continue to underestimate the capabilities of colored Americans and perceive that the whites are still superior and perform better than any other race. This type of discrimination is one of the reasons why America remains to be a divided nation. Moreover, the geographical location also plays as a factor because there are states that offer more job opportunities compared to other states which only offer a few. More often than not, those states which have more resources geographically and industrially offer more job opportunities as compared to those states which only have a few resources to develop and few corporations to run. Based on the data released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (n. pag. ), the region which has the highest unemployment rate are Midwest and West regions registering 5. percent each while the region which has the lowest unemployment rate is Southern United States at 4. 7 percent. Among the states, Texas has the highest employment rate followed by Nevada and Minnesota. In addition to the causes of poverty, researchers (Sawhill n. pag. ) are also blaming the income policy transfers of the government such as the food stamps, Medicaid, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children and the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families for the prevalence of poverty in the United States. The food stamp program aims to alleviate hunger and malnutrition in the country by providing qualified low-income families with food stamps that can be utilized to purchase food items to complete a nutritious diet. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the average benefit that can be derived from the program per individual is $1 per meal. In order to qualify, a household should have a gross income that falls below 130 percent of the poverty line and do not own assets that are more than $2,000 in value (results. org n. pag. ). The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children aims to provide pregnant women who have low incomes, new mothers, infants and children that are facing nutritional risks with healthy food, education on nutrition and health care access. Unlike the food stamp program, which provides monetary assistance to families, this government program gives food packages to the concerned individuals to meet their dietary needs (results. org n. pag. ). The Temporary Assistance to Needy Families is the welfare program replacement of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children. This program was created to fight the dependency of the recipient families to the welfare programs of the government. Unlike the other welfare programs which only require that the family’s income fall within the poverty line, this type of government program requires the recipients to work before receiving any assistance and limits the period wherein they can receive assistance from the welfare program. This policy of the government somehow lessens the sense of dependency to welfare programs by the recipients and gives them motivation to work and lift their families out of the poverty line. It has been observed by researchers (Sawhill n. pag. ) that recipients of welfare assistance from the government become so dependent that they no longer have the drive to work harder or worse, no dot exert any effort to support their needs. This kind of dependency was staged in the movie, Million Dollar Baby. In this movie, the mother of Maggie Fitzgerald, the female boxer played by Hillary Swank, got mad when Maggie bought her a house because this would drive them out of the welfare system. Owning the property will force them to find a job that will support their daily needs and take them out of their comfort zone. The family does not want this to happen because they have become so dependent with the welfare system that they cannot seem to live without it anymore. This is the kind of dependency that the government is trying to avoid because not only does this foster indolence it also takes away from the government funds that could be used for other projects that would better benefit the community. It would be better to teach a person how to fish and find provision for his personal needs rather than simply providing the fish to a person who never dare to exert an effort. Having too many children is also a factor in the surge of poverty in the United States because the more children there are, the more dependents the parents have and the more mouths to feed. If a family has fewer children then it would be easier for the family to get by because there are only a few needs to provide for and compete over the family income. There are various ways wherein sociologists try to explain poverty and one of them is using the structural approach which is influenced by Marxists and Functionalists perspectives (School-Portal n. pag. ). In the Marxist perspective, it can be gleaned that poverty is the direct result of the capitalist system. Through capitalism, people are forced to enter into a competition to survive and this competition is affected primarily by education and skills that an individual possesses. People try to attain higher education and learn new skills to have a better standing in a capitalistic world and a better fare at the competition. Employers prefer to hire an applicant who attained a higher level of learning and who has better skills compared to ordinary individuals, as this will foster better company performance and more earnings. Employees work hard to receive higher and more promising salaries. The discrepancy in earnings, ownership of properties and the creation of the social strata causes poverty exist. If people are not driven by competition and the dire to strive for more as compared to the others, there would be no discrepancy and all will just be equal—no rich and no poor. However, this will also advocate laziness among the people and lack of improvement in ones way of living. With regard to the functionalist perspective, everything is seen to be working for the whole and everything has a purpose. In consideration of this ideology, poverty is seen both in the positive and negative light. In its negative aspect, poverty is seen as a warning, something that people should avoid due to its adverse effects such as lack of sufficient food to eat, absence of enough funds to purchase basic needs and wants. On the contrary, poverty is also seen in the positive side, a feel good factor. When one sees he is faring better than the others, it creates a sense of thinking that all the efforts that he has exerted are all worth it. It somehow creates an appreciation of the hardships that he had to go through to achieve the position he is occupying. Another approach that sociologists utilize to explain poverty is the cultural approach. This type of explanation was elaborated by sociologist, Oscar Lewis. According to Lewis, poverty is transferred from generation to generation because the values of the parents toward poverty are passed on to their children. Lewis explained that people experience poverty because of the different cultural values that they have developed through time. These values include resignation and fatalism. People who are resigned feel that there is nothing much that they can do about their situation so they no longer bother to change it or even exert the slightest effort to lift their families out of the impoverished state their they are in. People, who adhere to fatalism, perceive that they are meant to be poor so there is no reason of fighting it. They believe that suffering an impecunious life is their purpose in this world and no matter what they do they will not be able to escape it. Trying to pull ones self out of the hole of poverty will only be a futile undertaking. These kinds of ideologies of the parents foster somehow affects how their children see poverty. Without even realizing it, these principles that they adhere to, is already burying their children to the pit of poverty even at a tender age. Once the minds of their children are shaped with these principles, they will carry this one as they age and like their parents, will be left suffering an impoverished life. The cultural explanation of poverty explains why there are many who continue to depend on the welfare system even if they have the capacity to get out of it. They have been so used to thinking that they are poor and cannot do anything about it that is why they no longer strive to make their lives more bearable. What these people fail to realize are the benefits that can be gained from getting out of the cage of the government welfare system. They has lost their sense of achievement and being able to contribute something fruitful to the country rather than just waiting for the assistance that the government will provide.