The Beginning Of World War II Essays (2279 words) -

The Beginning of World War II At dawn on the main day of September, 1939, the inhabitants of Poland stirred to grave news. A juggernaut power of tanks, firearms, what's more, endless dark clad warriors from close by Germany had torn over the open country and were making an all out intrusion of the Pole's countries. Germany's activities on that portentous morning lighted a struggle that would spread out of control, immersing the whole globe in an incredible universal war. This situation is numerous individuals' origination of how World War II came to fruition. Actually, the entire story is undeniably more point by point and complex. The starting points of war can be followed as far back as the finish of the principal World War in 1919, when the Treaty of Versailles put duty regarding that horrendous war solidly on Germany. A long time later, in the Far East, Japanese aspiration for region drove the country to attack Manchuria and different pieces of close by China, causing threats toward flare in the Pacific Rim. Extraordinary Britain, the United States, and numerous different countries of the world would all be brought into fight in the years to come, and every country had it's own purpose behind helping out in the battle. Despite the fact that Germany was the significant player in World War II, the seeds of war had just been planted in the Far East years prior strife in Europe. On September 18, 1931, the incredible Japanese military powers started an intrusion of the locale known as Manchuria, an zone having a place with terrain China. This activity broke non-animosity bargains that had been marked before. It additionally was done by Japanese commanders without the assent of the Japanese government. In hate of this, nobody was ever rebuffed for the activities. Before long the attack on China, the Japanese government chose it had no way out be that as it may, to help the control of Manchuria. By the following year the district had been totally cut off from China (Ienaga 60-64). Since of the Japanese hostile in China, the League of Nations held a vote in October to compel Japan out of the caught region. The vote was passed, 13 to 1, yet Japan stayed in charge of Manchuria. A second vote, taken in February, 1933, a proper dissatisfaction with the Japanese occupation, was passed 42 to 1. Rather than ousting Japan from the zone of Manchuria, it made the country officially pull back it's participation in the League of Nations the following month (Ienaga 66). Presently over the top by the proposals of the League of Countries, Japan proceeded with it's interruption onto Chinese soil. By 1937 Japan had moved military powers into Beijing, Shanghai, and Nanjing, just as different areas of China. By 1940, Japanese seizure of domain had spread to somewhere inside Southeast Asia and even pieces of Australia (Sutel et al). Additionally in 1940, the Triparte Pact was agreed upon, associating Japan, Germany, and Italy into an incredible power that extended most of the way around the planet. The relationship with Hitler and Germany brought together the war in the Pacific and the war in Europe. Japan was presently completely engaged with what came to be known as World War II. As fighting seethed in the Pacific Rim, a chain of situations was developing that would produce calamitous outcomes. The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 held Germany completely responsible for the awfulness of World War I. The country was deprived of huge regions of land, it's weapons, just as it's respect. Also, the reparations that should have been paid to the partnered countries essentially annihilated the economy of Germany. The disdain of the bargain consumed in the hearts and psyches of Germans for a long time thereafter. In 1933, a man by the name of Adolf Hitler was chosen Chancellor of Germany subsequent to stirring his way up the stepping stool of government. By denouncing the Treaty of Versailles and making guarantees of a superior life to the German individuals, Hitler picked up the backing of his individual kinsmen, and he effectively won the political race. Very quickly after Hitler took office he started making sure about his position in power. Hitler found a way to wipe out all resistance, counting ideological groups and any other individual who revolted against him. The demise of President Hindenburg in 1934 secured

Prometheus - Profile of the Greek Titan

Prometheus - Profile of the Greek Titan Prometheus DetailsPrometheus Profile Who Is Prometheus?: Prometheus is one of the Titans from Greek folklore. He made (and afterward become friends with) humanity. He gave people the endowment of fire despite the fact that he realized Zeus would not affirm. Because of this blessing, Prometheus was rebuffed as just an undying could be. Group of Origin: Iapetus the Titan was the dad of Prometheus and Clymene the Oceanid was his mom. The Titans Roman Equivalent: Prometheus was likewise called Prometheus by the Romans. Characteristics: Prometheus is frequently indicated affixed, with a hawk culling out his liver or his heart. This was the discipline he endured because of opposing Zeus. Since Prometheus was godlike, his liver developed back each day, so the hawk could have devoured it every day forever. Forces: Prometheus had the intensity of thinking ahead. His sibling, Epimetheus, had the endowment of bit of hindsight. Prometheus made man from water and earth. He took abilities and fire from the divine beings to provide for man. Sources: Antiquated hotspots for Prometheus include: Aeschylus, Apollodorus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Hesiod, Hyginus, Nonnius, Plato, and Strabo.

A Simple Trick for Creative College Essay Topics Exposed

<h1>A Simple Trick for Creative College Essay Topics Exposed </h1> <p>Should you conclude you should talk around one of the prosaism article themes referenced beforehand, an awesome way to deal with recount to an increasingly predominant story is to focus on one explicit second and work starting there. At the point when you're expounding on yourself, be sure you incorporate words that clarify the feelings you're feeling at a few segments of the story. The following activity is to experience your recommendations and figure out which one is going to bring about the most grounded article. The significant thought can turn into your title too. </p> <p>Let's experience the pivotal activities which will assist you with transforming an exceptional subject into a significant paper. Bridget's article is very solid, however there keep on being a couple seemingly insignificant details that could be improved. Stephen's article is very viable. </p> <p>When composing expositions, it's easy to float away from the subject and go unconventional. To do this, you have to build up what explicitly you're concentrating on and the manner in which you'll structure your article. Hence, papers have come to be an indivisible part of scholastics. To find out about articles, it's imperative to perceive any reason why papers are such a significant part of scholastics. </p> <p>There's a run of the mill school paper composing design you should follow. You may consider the way the straightforward APA prerequisites are fulfilled in APA Essay test. Thus, it's vital that you take a gander at the simple school paper arranging rules, which are given beneath. Article design doesn't have anything to do with the genuine substance of the exposition, it is the manner in which you arrange and present it. </p> <h2> How to Get Started with Creative College Essay Topics?</h2> <p>Don't disregard to investigate the entran ce to assets the subjects that you consider. You could likewise request that our specialists give you a hand. Thusly, such master will promptly adapt to whatever you may require. Our specialists want to help you. </p> <p>The point is very critical recorded as a hard copy school application expositions, you can likewise find out about composing a prosperous school application article to discover more. In case you're applying to a school that doesn't acknowledge the Common App, you should respond to their exact paper questions. On the off chance that you are scanning for school article models, here's an extraordinary one below.</p> <p>Write plainly and show universities how you think and precisely what you will add to the grounds. School exposition propose you've just assembled all the necessary archives and arranged to make it into school among the most successive application paper subjects. It is a scholarly spot so attempt to persuade the board that you are the opportune individual for them.</p> <h2>Lies You've Been Told About Creative College Essay Topics </h2> <p>Instead, focus on endeavoring to incorporate every one of the subtleties you can envision about your point, which will make it less hard to pick what you should incorporate when you alter. Maybe you are hesitant to discover help since you were once conned by methods for a trick on-line help. All things considered, the arrangement isn't excessively evident here. </p> <p>For experimental writing papers, you need to discover something more than simply an enormous enthusiasm for your point. One of indisputably the most inconvenient things recorded as a hard copy articles is brainstorming a fabulous title. Keep perusing for additional tips on the most ideal approach to create an incredible school paper, in any event, when you don't feel you have anything fascinating to expound on. Remember you may cause interesting contentious articles in the event that you to do a couple of things. </p> <h2> The Fight Against Creative College Essay Topics</h2> <p>An amazing school paper can occur on an excellent stage. be that as it may, it can similarly as successfully happen in regular day to day existence. Reveal to us a subject which you've changed your head on over the most recent three decades. On the off chance that quality work is all you need, you should consider allowing us a chance to tail you and offer you with school paper assist that with willing give you esteem for every penny you pay. You have the absolute best understanding or accomplishment in your life before at tending a university. </p>

Redefining moments - Emphasis

Rethinking minutes Rethinking minutes Numerous experts may need to utilize innovative or sidelong intuition in their work, yet heres an opposition that welcomes anybody to do only that for singular words. This is the alleged Washington Post Mensa Invitational for which neither one of the organizations appears to be set up to guarantee credit. The test: to amusingly reclassify either a typical word, or one that has been unpretentiously changed by a letter or two (or, to place it in well known political stating, that has experienced redaction*.) While the opposition itself might be something of a urban legend, passages obviously fill the paper yearly. Unsolicited** or not, here are a few features from the 2009 clump (in addition to our very own couple, beneath). Clear elective definitions Espresso n. The individual upon whom one hacks. Surprised adj. Shocked by finding how much weight one has picked up. Babble n. A quickly retreating hairline. Bypass n. An opening in the front of fighter shorts worn by Jewish men. Quietly changed re-imagined words Giraffiti n. Vandalism shower painted extremely, high. Sarchasm n. The bay between the creator of wry mind and the individual who doesnt get it. Decafalon n. The tiresome occasion of traversing the day expending just things that are beneficial for you. Pointless^? Maybe. In any case, you may never take a gander at another word an incredible same way again. On the off chance that you have any recommendations for, or assessments on, these Semantex ^^ trickeries, leave them here. *Redaction n. Socialist daily agenda. **Unsolicited adj. Ready to stroll past a shady area of town unchecked. ^Pointless adj. [colloquial Birmingham] Left out of a bar round. ^^Semantex n. The act of changing the implications of words with hazardous results.

Creative Research Essay Topics - Outlining Your Essay Topics

Creative Research Essay Topics - Outlining Your Essay TopicsAre you looking for ways to enhance your creative research essay topics? If so, then you are not alone. Most high school and college students have this problem; they do not know what to write about in their research papers. How can you find your topic?If you need to know how to select your research paper topic, then I want to share with you a simple technique that can take you much further in your research project. It can help you uncover many hidden gems and help you get creative research essays. I will tell you why this technique works, and how you can apply it on your next project. If you follow this guide, you can have something special and unique to write about.The first thing you need to do is to write about the major aspects of your topic; you need to consider what they mean and how they are related to your school history. This article is an example of this technique. You need to look at your school's history to under stand the major things that happened. The first thing to consider is your school's growth and development. It is very important to think about this when writing about your topic.In this case, you are going to ask yourself 'how did the school history evolve?' How did students respond to the rise of its popularity? What kind of changes were made to help your school maintain its growth? These are all questions that you need to ask yourself when writing your essay.This will help you when you are writing about future economic times that you are discussing in your essay. This is extremely important to think about. Are there major changes that can impact your topic?Once you know the major things that happened to your school, you need to write about the changes that happened to the students. This is also a great way to think about your topic. How did the student body respond to this? What changes were made?These are the two most common questions that you need to answer before writing your r esearch paper. Once you have written the general outline of your topic, you can use the skills that you learned above. Use these techniques to make your next essay extra creative.Now that you know what to write about, you are ready to take your essay to the next level. You can enhance your creativity by learning to use research essay topics as a tool.

A Perfect Society Vs. A Corrupt Society - Literature Essay Samples

Three dollars and fifty-eight cents. To use the money now to buy dinner or wait and let the hunger pass. To sleep on the park bench or try to find availability at the chaotic homeless shelter. To stand outside under the searing sun in hopes of obtaining a few more dollars or to sit under the shady tree and skip another meal. These are the possible decisions that the impoverished might encounter daily. In society today and especially in 16th Century England, these decisions were prevalent among the substantial amount of people suffering in destitution. As Thomas More recognized this problem, he further realized the absurdities and wrongs within his society as the rich lived in ease and the poor suffered through daily turmoil. More’s Utopia criticized the inequities of English society as the novel presents an ideal land where England’s societal problems have been resolved and are nonexistent. Utopia displays a simplistic lifestyle and presents social and economic equality among all the citizens; contrary to England, where there were social classes and an unjust distribution of wealth that made up the basis of English society. More depicted Utopia as the antithesis of English society to enlighten the educated and upper class Englishmen of the wrongs within their society and prompt them to revise their mistakes and aid in the betterment of England. Within the country of Utopia, the primary focus is agriculture. Everyone is â€Å"instructed in it from their childhood,† ensuring that the citizens are knowledgeable of the necessary labors that is the foundation of their civilization (107). The participation in cultivation equalizes the community, as everyone habitually engages in farming and experiences the strenuous work associated with it. More presents the agricultural civilization within Utopia to express the lack of commendation towards farmers within his own society and to critique the egotistical attitude of the privileged. The elites within England were able to indulge themselves in an hour, with the food that had taken farmers months of laborious farming to produce. They ignored the tribulations that farmers underwent in order to acquire a successful harvest and chose to believe that they are above the arduous work. More presents the supercilious and selfish nature of high-class English people as they lived with no worries towards the stability of their homes and lifestyle and had no regards to anyone else that were not classed the same. While farmers relied solely on their unstable harvest as their source of their income, with the harvest possibly being the deciding factor in whether they would have food and a home or not. Making agriculture the basic foundation of Utopian civilization instills a sense of fairness and unity among the community that—due to the narcissism of the elites—England did not have. Material items such as extravagant clothing and luxurious accessories are deemed ludicrous in Utopia. People on the island do not find opulent items as a necessary aspect to their survival, and therefore find no use for them. All the citizens wear similar, basic clothing with the only distinction being between gender and marriageability. Even the idolization of gold and silver is laughable to the Utopians as they use them as playthings for children, household materials such as â€Å"chamber-pots and close-stools†, and also â€Å"chains and fetters for their slaves† (137). More presents the Utopians’ distaste to express the absurdity of English people, specifically high-class English people, and their emphasis on sybaritic objects that held no significant contribution to their survival. The upper class was obsessed with having expensive and lavish clothes and jewelry merely to boast to one another. They spent excess amount of money on indulgent objects, while the majority of England barely had enough to sustain themselves. More employs Utopia’s treatment of luxury items for what they are—nonessential and excessive—to show how the elites’ admiration of those objects was simply to appeal to their superiority complex. Rather than utilizing their surplus wealth to aid in the survival of those who are less fortunate within their community, the rich spent money on items with high monetary worth, but in reality, were worthless. Personal property and possession of items are nonexistent within Utopian civilization as there is â€Å"no property among them† and everything â€Å"belong[s] to the whole town† (101). Making everyone have the same amount of belongings—basically nothing—further equalizes the citizens of Utopia. More shows that â€Å"where no man has any property, all men zealously pursue the good of the public† and therefore focus on contributing to the furtherance of their community, rather than selfishly improving oneself at the expense of others (248). Utopia’s lack of ownership depicts a contrast to England as the privileged class thrived on an immoderate amount of possessions. Possessions defined England’s high society as their social power derived through the number of items that they owned. More presents the strong emphasis his society had on possessions, as their belongings influenced the perception of what other elites thought of them and impa cted the life they would live. Property of land and possession of extravagant items determined the person they would marry, the success in their occupation, and their power within government. He shows how vapid the upper echelon of England was as they relied on the quantity of one’s belongings and wealth, rather than the quality of one’s character to determine how â€Å"well-off† they would be. More made life in Utopia based off of quality of life and minimalistic living for happiness to present to upper class England that possessions does not bring happiness and should not play such a significant role in influencing one’s life. The justice system within Utopia is quite basic with minimal laws and straightforward processes and consequences for crimes; thus dismissing the ability for any exploitations of the law. When a crime is committed, the offender defends himself or herself as lawyers are thought to â€Å"disguise matters and to wrest the laws† (190). The ability for the accused person to defend oneself to a judge allows for a quicker and more effective process as the argument for innocence comes straight from the accused party and has no â€Å"artifices which lawyers are apt to suggest† (190). More formed the Utopian legal system as the converse to England’s legal system to illustrate how the privileged manipulated the system and distorted the definition of justice. England’s legal system favored the elites as those that were affluent and held titles impacted the creation and the interpretation of laws that could benefit them. The high society utilized their wealth to corrupt the system by swaying judges and witnesses in their favor. The use of lawyers further shows how justice can be corrupted within English society as the possibility for a one to be found innocent heavily relied on the proficiency of one’s lawyer. The rich were able to afford more adept lawyers that could effectively influence the courtroom, while the poor could barely afford—or not afford at all—substandard representation. Utopian civilization is built on humanism, as there is no restriction on the necessities and supplies that families can acquire. Fathers are able to â€Å"[take] whatsoever he or his family stand in need of, without either paying for it or leaving anything in exchange† (121). No one in Utopia lives in constant worry about whether or not they will be able to economically provide for their family as there is â€Å"plenty of everything among them† (121). More presents a lenient control on the distribution of materials to depict England’s unjust acquirement of necessities. England’s lower class was unable to afford the food and materials that were necessary to their survival; however, the upper class was easily able to afford a surplus amount of food and furthermore, a surplus amount of luxuries. More depicts Utopians lack of desire to obtain more materials than needed, as â€Å"they are sure they shall always be supplied† to show how it is fear of not knowing whether one will be able to obtain imperative items that leads to greed and selfishness (121). The attainment of food and materials in England was based on the exchange of currency; therefore, society had an underlying unease from the possibility that they may not be able to afford their essentials. More shows that this underlying unease is what causes the rapacity within the privileged class and consequently, the destitution among the lower class. Through Utopia, More reveals the un-altruistic and materialistic behavior of the upper class. The equal and united community of Utopia exposes the wrongs within English society as the rich carelessly spent their fortunes on lavish items and the poor struggled to make ends meet. The elites fed their egotistical nature through duplicitous actions derived from their hunger for power and greed; consequently, leaving the impoverished to attempt to survive on what little was remaining. Through the description of the ideal land of Utopia, More presents possible solutions to Englishmen on how their society could have be improved. Members of the upper class had the ability to break free from the narcissistic norms of their class and contribute to the advancement of their society through simply offering a fraction of their wealth—which would have barely made a dent within assets—that would have greatly assisted those living in poverty. Therefore, if you see ever someone that is l ess fortunate, think: can you afford losing a few dollars? Can your spare change be the difference in someone’s ability to purchase a meal? Will you be that person that takes a step towards the melioration of the world or will you stand by claiming ignorance of the wrongs occurring around you?

Dividend Policy With Reference To British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2922 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Dividends and the implication of dividend choices have been the subject of much debate, particularly in the recent economic crisis where investors and other stakeholders are becoming increasingly nervous about the financial standing of companies in which they have an interest. On a basic level, dividends also provide a regular income to investors and, as such, the choice of how much dividend to pay out is seen as a critical signal from the management team. Investors will often select certain companies, based on the possibility that they are likely to receive a regular dividend and any changes in the underlying policies can have a very detrimental impact on the perceptions of both current and prospective investors. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dividend Policy With Reference To British Sky Broadcasting Group Plc" essay for you Create order Although some investors will invest in a company for capital growth, the dividend level is still seen as a strong signal; therefore, regular analysis of dividend policies and payout rates are likely to be undertaken. In this report, Sky (British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC (BSY.L)) will be looked at, in terms of the way in which it has approached dividend payout in the last five years. Theory relating to dividend policy and the approaches taken will then be considered in order to determine whether Sky has complied with general theories, or whether it has deviated from what would be expected based on theory. Empirical data is contained in the appendices. Background to Sky Before going on to consider the dividend policies and how these have been applied by Sky, it is helpful to put the matter in context and to determine the way in which the company has been performing, in recent years, so that this can be correlated with any changes in dividend policy. The company was formed in its current standing, back in 1990, when there was a merger of British Satellite Broadcasting and Sky Television. This was an equal merger and created the company that we see today, Sky. Prior to the merger, both companies were sustaining heavy financial losses and it was found that by undertaking the merger, it was possible to gain economies of scale. It was also possible for the two companies to draw on each others strengths, for example, British Satellite Broadcasting had a range of solid advertisers, whereas Sky Television was renowned for having a wider range of channels. By pooling these two resources, it was possible for the company to go from strength to strength and it would be expected that this will be reflected in the financial performance of the company, from this point onwards. At the point of the merger, Sam Chisholm was the Chief Executive Officer and he remained in place, until 1997. He then handed over to Mark Booth; and, in 1999, Tony Ball went on to lead Sky during the period within which Sky Television was introduced. It was during this period that the company returned to profit and subscriber members rose at a substantial rate. As is the case with many large companies, Sky was not without its difficulties within the boardroom, particularly when James Murdoch was appointed, in 2003, as there were allegations of internal dealings from the shareholders and a general feeling of discontent, during this period. These difficulties rumbled on and in 2007 Rupert Murdoch, the father of James Murdoch, stepped down from his role as non-executive chairman, but was then replaced by his son who stepped down from the position of CEO, being replaced by Jeremy Darroch. During 2010, a takeover bid was made by News Corp where it attempted to gain control of the 61% of shares that it did not own, but were owned by other shareholders. The price offered was 700 pence per share; the shareholders rejected this offer, stating that they believed an offer of in excess of 800 pence per share would be necessary to make the deal appropriately valuable for the shareholders. It should be noted that, were this takeover to continue, it would be necessary to gain permission from both the European Commission and the Office of Fair Trading, due to anti-competitive dangers of having such a large player in one industry. Over the last 10 years, the profit within Sky has gone up and down with a particularly bad period being experienced during 2000 to 2002. Sky suffered a further drop in profit, in 2008, although this was largely attributed to the general financial crisis and individual inability to pay for what was perceived to be a luxury product. These difficulties and corporate movements are likely to have a direct impact on the perceptions of investors and are therefore relevant to the way in which management boards deal with dividend payouts. Maintaining confidence in the company is critically important and when there are period of difficulties, such as those experienced in 2008, the decisions relating to issues such as dividend become even more critical for the management board, which is likely to pay particular attention to the messages that it is sending out through its dividend decisions. Based on this, when the dividend payments are being considered and the policies looked at, it is important to bear in mind that there are underlying commercial issues that could have a direct bearing on the choices being made and the impact that these choices have on the company. Sky Dividend Approach Despite the variable performance of Sky (BSkyB, 2010), it has maintained a growth policy when it comes to dividends. This is indicated by the fact that, when looking at the discussion on dividends, during the last five years reports, there is an emphasis placed on management confidence and the decision to offer strong dividends, even when the profit levels are weak. Appendix 1 contains the earnings per share calculations, as well as the dividend per share calculations. Earnings per share reflect the amount of profit that can be attributed to each share. For example, in 2010, the calculation reflected profits before tax of 878 million divided by 1743 million shares, resulting in earnings per share of 50.4 pence. This earnings per share figure is the highest seen, in the last five years, with a figure in 2006 being 30.2 pence, dropping to a negative figure in 2008, before recovering, in 2009. Despite this dramatic fluctuation in the earnings per share, the company has maintained a consistent dividend policy because it had confidence in the strength of its position in the market. This consistent growth and confidence can be seen when looking at the dividend per share which is a reflection of the amount of equity dividends paid out per share. As would be expected, this is the highest in 2010; however, even in 2008, where the profit levels were negative, the dividend per share still increased on the 2007 figure. In fact, in every year of the last five y ears, the dividend per share figure has grown from the original figure of 12.2 pence per share, in 2006 to the current 19.4 pence per share. Essentially, these dividend per share figures show that the company has smoothed the negative impact of the downturn, in 2008. Appendix 2 shows the dividend cover and dividend yield within the company, in the last five years. Dividend cover effectively shows how many times the profit could have paid the dividends actually paid. This is a measure of the companys ability to pay its dividends and is a reflection of how realistic the dividend payments are. Interestingly, the coverage rate in 2010 is very similar to that in 2006, at 2.6 times and 2.5 times, respectively. This suggests that the financial health of the company, in terms of the dividend promised, has remained relatively consistent, over the five years. However, as indicated earlier, there was a substantial drop in 2008 and this is reflected in the fact that the coverage ratio shows that the profits did not cover the dividend payments, during this period. Although it recovered slightly, in 2009, with the coverage of 1.2 times, it was not until 2010 that recovery was seen on the ratio returned to 2.6. Again, this would be expected, given the fact that the dividend payment increased year-on-year, despite a substantial dip in profits, during 2008. It has, however, shown by the confidence displayed by the management team, in 2008, that recovery was imminent and this confidence was correctly placed with those investors that have stayed with the company for the previous five year s being rewarded by a higher dividend payment and higher share prices that they can now obtain for their shares. Finally, we shall now look at the dividend yield, i.e. the return an investor obtains on the capital, which involves taking the dividend per share and dividing it by the share price. Many investors see this as the key figure as it indicates the financial return that they are receiving on each share and this can be used in comparison with alternative investment that may be available to the investor, for example bank accounts. In this case, the dividend yield has fluctuated, in the last five years, reaching a high point in 2009, before dropping in 2010. It is not entirely unexpected, given the fact that, in 2009, the share prices were reasonably low after the poor performance of 2008 and the lack of general investor confidence and desirability of the shares. Despite this low share price that was in existence, in 2009, the dividends remained relatively high and therefore the return was naturally higher. As confidence increased in the shares, the share price would naturally rise, as there was a greater demand for shares in Sky and this will have the impact of reducing the dividend yield, as the dividends do not increase at the same rate. It should be noted, however, that the dividend yield is based on the share price in that given year and it is possible that investors who had purchased the shares, at an earlier date, when the prices were either higher or lower will find that there individual return is diffe rent. This supports the notion that those investors that have stayed with the company for the difficult period of 2008 and 2009 or alternatively those that chose to purchase shares during the troubled period will be gaining an increasing dividend yield, now the company is recovering. The approach taken by Sky will be considered in the context of wider dividend policy theories, in the following section. Dividend Policy Underlying Theories Given the importance of dividends to the investors in the companies, it is unsurprising that there is a range of different theories underlying the ways in which companies deal with the dividend policy. From the previous analysis, it can be seen that Sky has opted to maintain a policy of dividend growth, regardless of underlying profit levels, in order to maintain confidence in the company and, in this case, confidence has been well-placed due to the fact that there was a substantial recovery, in 2010, despite the weak performance, in 2008. However, alternative theories exist that could have been used in order to determine the appropriate dividend policy for Sky, during the previous five-year period. One theory which is often subscribed to is that of the residual policy. In accordance with this theory, a company will only pay dividends when it has residual earnings in place, for example, where it has taken advantage of all possible internal investment approaches. The argument in favour of this type of approach is that the shareholders will feel that the company is undertaking all possible action, in order to promote its long-term growth. By paying dividends when the company simply does not have the residual earnings to do so, there is an argument that the company is not putting itself in a good position for long-term growth. A secondary benefit from following this type of approach is that it refocuses the management team on ensuring that investment is undertaken and dividend policy becomes almost secondary. Furthermore, it reduces the chances of having to raise further equity by issuing new shares because any investment has been funded from the internal earnings; this can also ha ve a benefit to shareholders, as their own shareholding will not be diluted. This is not an approach that has been taken by Sky as, had it followed this type of approach, no dividend would have been paid, in 2008. Instead, the company prioritised a dividend growth theory and did not make investments a priority (Gordon, 1963). Another theory which has been developed by Modigliani and Miller (MM), back in the 1960s, is that which argued that dividend policy was irrelevant when all factors were pulled together (Baker, 2009). They argued that the way in which a firm divides its earnings pot between paying out to shareholders and retaining the funds, internally is, in essence, irrelevant in the long term. When developing the theory, MM relied on a range of assumptions including the notion that the way in which the company invests in growth is independent of its dividend decisions, and also that the company operates within a perfect capital market. For example, there are no transaction costs and no taxes and all investors have exactly the same information, at the same time. In theory, they argue that investors will act in a way that produces the correct level of dividend by either buying or selling shares, depending on how the company is performing. For example, if the company is not producing the level of divi dend that an investor requires, then it will simply purchase more shares to get more dividends and vice versa. This suggests that the dividend policy of Skys management team would be largely irrelevant, as investors would simply shift, in order to obtain the returns that suit their own needs. John Lintner (1962) also developed a dividend theory, namely the bird in the hand theory. The theory suggested that investors generally prefer to receive regular dividend payments, rather than reinvesting capital growth, in the future. This suggests that investors, on the whole, are risk-averse and prefer to receive dividend, in the current year, rather than potential growth in 5 to 10 years time. To a certain extent, Sky has followed this approach, because it recognises that providing a return to investors, on a year by year basis, is seen as preferable to promising long-term investment. Clearly, however, this type of theory will vary, depending on the needs of the individual investor. Some investors will be investing in shares with the view to long-term growth and therefore are less likely to pay attention to the dividend returns, on a year by year basis, (Frankfurter and Wood, 2002). Finally, and arguably the most influential theory, when it comes to the approach taken by Sky is that of the dividend signalling theory. It is argued that, contrary to the dividend irrelevant theory, the dividend value actually does have a dramatic impact on the share price, due to the fact that the choice of dividend policy gives a signalling effect as to how well the management team thinks the company will perform, in the future (Brittain, 1966). A change in the dividend payment, either upwards or downwards, has been argued to offer a signal to shareholders and investors, in terms of what the likely future earnings will be. For example, if the management team is positive about the future of the company as a whole and that they may maintain a high dividend. When dividend payment is reduced, this can often negative signal to the market and is therefore something that a company will often avoid, even where profit levels are low, as was seen in the case of Sky, in 2008. Summary and Conclusion By analysing the background commercial position of Sky, in the last five years, its financial performance in relation to dividends and also wider dividend policy theories, it is clear to see that Sky is following a dividend signalling approach, as well as the dividend growth theory, by increasing its dividend, year-on-year, regardless of the underlying position of the company. There are several concerns associated with this approach. Firstly, where dividends are being paid out at a high level in years where the income is simply not there to sustain this level, it is possible that the company is missing out on investment opportunities and therefore long-term growth may not be as rapid as it could be. Clearly, this depends on the underlying ethos of the company and whether or not investment is essential to sustain growth or whether it prefers to follow the bird in hand theory, which suggests that shareholders prefer to have immediate returns. Furthermore, paying out high levels of divi dend, even when there is no profit at all, is only sustainable for a certain period of time. Whilst, in this case, Sky returned to profit rapidly in 2009 and 2010 and therefore paying dividends in 2008 did not produce long-term financial difficulties for the company, had this not occurred, it is possible that the company would, ultimately, have suffered and run out of money to pay dividends. This may have required it to take out additional long-term loans, or to issue equity, which would eventually have had the impact of increasing costs and making the position within the company even more difficult to return to profit. In this case, however, the management team at Sky correctly assessed that the company was in a strong position and likely to grow, in the coming years and signalled as much to the shareholders through maintaining a high level of dividend. This, in turn, meant that the share prices increased and this has been reflected in the dividend yield dropping slightly, in 2010. Overall, Sky has followed a growth and signalling theory, which has resulted in positive trends of the company, but nonetheless, caution should be used when applying this type of approach, as it relies on recovery, in order to be sustainable.

Eleanor Of The Oldest And Richest Families - 995 Words

Born October 11, 1884, to Anna Hall and Elliott Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt joined the world. Eleanor brought together two of the oldest and richest families. Little did the world know, this little child would change the world. With an alcoholic father, Eleanor was raised mostly by her mother and the nannies they hired. After the death of both her parents, her two brothers, her two sisters, and Eleanor all went to live with their grandparents. Mary Hall told Eleanor that her mother wanted her to go to boarding school in Europe, and picked a school out. Allenswood, a school for girls near London, England would be where she would go. Eleanor boarded a steam boat September of 1899, to travel to Allenswood, to start her new life. She came alive at Allenswood. Eleanor excelled at independent writing and research. Her confidence grew as she became one of the smartest girls at Allenswood. As Eleanor became a leader, she did not forget what it felt like to be an outsider. Eleanor’s studies extended beyond the classrooms of Allenswood. Eleanor met the love of her life, Franklin D. Roosevelt, at a Christmas party in 1898. After six years of dating, Eleanor Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt, were married March 16, 1905. Eleanor first started loving politics when Franklin was elected the state senate of New York in 1912. She used her energy to do a variety of reformist organizations, to establish minimum wage among working people, and joining a circle of post suffrage feministsShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesindividuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected by new communications technologies, state-sponsored programs to achieve autarky, a global epidemic of ethnic strife, uncontrolled urban growth, and the dissolution of extended family ties in many societies divided nations and communities and isolated individuals to an extent unparalleled in recorded human history. For teachers, in particular, the challenge of weaving together in meaningful ways the seemingly disparate strands

Database Essay - 1631 Words

Databases have been around long before the computer first utilized them, but they became a necessity as the industry has been using them now for over 40 years. Everything is a database now, your inventory, your class schedule, your closet, it is all a possible database. Arora and Gupta state, â€Å"Stand alone applications have been replaced with web-based applications, dedicated servers with multiple servers dedicated storage with network storage† (Arora and Gupta 2012). There have been several movements to try and change the database environment, however attempts to replace the relational database with the object-oriented database never came to popularity and relational databases popularity remains high today. However, a new movement called†¦show more content†¦Cloud computing has really shifted the whole landscape of how companies do their databases now, and with this has brought the concept of big data. According to google big data is defined as, â€Å"Extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions†. Big data has really taken off with the use of cloud computing. Though they sound the same, the main difference between cloud computing and big data is the cloud is the actual infrastructure while big data is the actual content you will see in the database. Today’s industry is built off information, the more information a person can get to know about you, the more they can use to their advantage. A good example of this is the shirts you buy off an online retailer. If you have information and trends that show you may get suggestions similar to that brand with recommendations or even get promotional coupons depending on how much information you have given to this company about yourself. These companies with their powerful databases can look at an individual user making this concept very powerful in today’s marke t. According to Ularu, Puican, Apostu, and Valicanu (2012), â€Å"IBM’s view Big Data has four aspects: Volume†¦ Velocity†¦ Variety†¦ Veracity.† These are all determined from the how big the size andShow MoreRelatedDatabases Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagestechnical term databases. Just like that the computers database have also come a long way. Database existed since antient times but it was always on paper. The history of Databases The history of database is a story of how experts have been trying to make well balanced usage of complex data. Databases help us think how to structure information and this has been the practices since early times. Before we get into the latest database systems lets go through the history of how the term database came intoRead More The Database Dilemma Essay3843 Words   |  16 PagesThe Database Dilemma Personal privacy today is a controversial and complex topic, which is influenced by a number of factors. There is an integral role that databases play in this highly debated topic. The fact that many people now carry out their transactions electronically is another important factor. There is also pressure on personal privacy for increased national security around the world to combat terrorism. In addition, personal privacy is even threatened by commercial factors and theRead MoreEssay Database981 Words   |  4 PagesDatabase A database is an organised body of related files and or information. It is simply an automated library system an is maintained as an integral part of most organisations worldwide. A cite on the World Wide Web, the Webopedia Computer Dictionary, refers to the database as a collection of information organized and presented to serve a specific purpose. (A telephoneRead MoreEssay on Databases968 Words   |  4 Pages Databases in My Organization Abstract nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Databases have been in use since the early days of computing programs. An Information Technology services company, such as Getronics, not only utilizes databases for information and record management, it earns revenue by providing database management services. Getronics uses Microsoft SQL Server 2000 as its database software. The clients that contract Getronics for Information Technology services rely and depend on the accuracyRead MoreOracle Databases Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesOracle Databases A new energy is rising within CNS. Over the past year, many members of our administrative computing team have been developing Oracle applications. It is a new challenge to both CNS and our clients. We journey up the learning curve together and over the trial-and-error hurdles. Each day offers a new opportunity to understand another concept or process. Some faculties and departments are already using Oracle applications in their day-to-day operations. As time goes by, moreRead MoreDetermining Databases and Data Communications Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesDetermining Databases and Data Communications In the two scenarios there are many ways that they can be solved or worked out to make them fit to the person working with them. They both deal with databases and communications that companies need to consider. In this paper we are going to discuss some of the options that companies or self employed business owners can use. Scenario One Some of the typical fields that could be used would be of the booth equipment by piece, what equipment you will needRead MoreTour Operator Agency Database. Essay697 Words   |  3 Pagesfunctionalities. The tour operator seeks a database management specialist to assist them in leveraging their data sources to enable them to forecast and project tour sales appropriately. Imagine that you have been hired to fulfill their need of enhancing the data repository for their current reservation processing system. Upon reviewing the system, you find that the data structure holds redundant data and that this structure lacks normalization. The database has the following characteristics: Read MoreThe Evolution of The Database Essay example847 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolutionized information storage and retrieval. Thus the first databases where born. Flat File Flat file databases where the first of many database models, almost as old as the computer. Flat file databases stored data in text files saved in the file system. There was little to no organization, it was a step backwards in data organization. The only real befit was that data could be retrieved remarkable speed, when the database was used by a very skilled programmer. This created a new problemRead More Databases, Forms, and Reports Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesDatabases, Forms, and Reports This paper will discuss databases, forms and reports. Why has the use of databases increased dramatically? What factors should be considered when designing a database and why? How would you go about designing forms and reports from scratch? In conclusion, a summation will be given along with closing thoughts. Database Usage A database is an organized collection of information or data. It is a collection of organized information in which a computer can easily selectRead MoreEssay on Database design process906 Words   |  4 Pages Abstract Database Systems has a practical, hands-on approach that makes it uniquely suited to providing a strong foundation in good database design practice. Database design is more art than science. While its true that a properly designed database should follow the normal forms and the relational model, you still have to come up with a design that reflects the business you are trying to model. This paper shows describes design process of database project. The importance of Completing the Design

Visual Cultures Essay - 6109 Words

Milano 2010 Table of Contents: Friends Friends is an American sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman and produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. In 1993 David Crane and Marta Kauffman initially named friends as Insomnia Cafà ©. They presented the project to Bright, and together they purposed it to NBC, which is a commercial TV broadcaster, this means that this broadcaster is financed by advertisers. Regarding the society issue, Friends satisfy the need for pluralism, more precisely, it can be watched by different publics (different ages, tastes, ethnics, genres, etc.) In 1994, after many changes and updates the sitcom was finally named Friends and aired on†¦show more content†¦They live together, share their problems, happiness, successes and failures. Friends was a great success and this created a strong relation between the broadcaster and the viewers, which in a certain way pressured the broadcaster to want to continue broadcasting Friends and even offered a superior amount of money than the revenue from advertising. This strong link allowed the production of two new seasons, in which the last one had the highest price in television history for a 30-minute series. Historical, social, cultural, political environment of Friends Historical environment With the early system modifications many sitcoms and telefilms series started to be produced in Hollywood. Friends is one of these examples. Friends portrays the 90s period of the United States in which there were no serious problems. In this comedy we can see the daily life of the characters and there’s no focus on the historical environment. Social environment Friends changed sitcoms’ rules. Particularly, it changed the narrative environment in a sitcom, changing the main object, the family, to a friends group. During all series friends have a strong impact in each other’s lives, the characters don’t live with their families, but with each other, and in some situations the friends become lovers. They spend the thanks giving holiday together, without their families, which started to become common inShow MoreRelatedVisual Culture Essay3193 Words   |  13 PagesVisual Culture Visual culture is wisely considered to be a field of study which focuses on all aspects of culture which rely on visual images. Visual technology undeniably has a central importance in the contemporary culture. It plays a phenomenally important role in enhancing our visual capability and helps us in perceiving myriad cultural beliefs in addition to guiding us when managing behavior, values, and social relationships. Visual culture is based on a wide range of mediums which serve asRead MoreThe Survival Of Indigenous Visual Cultures1379 Words   |  6 PagesThere are different approaches used when discussing the survival of indigenous visual cultures. Each essay provided for analysis interprets the conquest of the Americas differently and connects it to Colonial Mexico artistic production at various degrees. Each essay also advocates for its own term that can be used to represent the process of Spanish and Indigenous art forms coming together in a complex cultural context. Kubler advo cates for the term, folk art to describe colonial art because it isRead More Visual Media, Allegorical Consciousness, and Postmodern Culture1642 Words   |  7 PagesVisual Media, Allegorical Consciousness, and Postmodern Culture I think many of us would agree that we are living in an era of transition: generally, from one phase of modernity to another; more specifically, it is harder to say. Lets ask ourselves for a moment how this sense of change might guide the rhetorical study of visual media. Of the many possible answers to this question, there are two I want to put on the table. The first consideration is that the study of visual media is likelyRead MoreVisual Culture Of The First Three Lectures994 Words   |  4 Pagesprovide three images of visual culture and use them to describe what visual culture is. Visual culture describes the aspects, things and objects, in our world made to be looked at. It is most often associated with art however could include advertisements, books, buildings etc. Figure 1 is a photograph of the facade of the Portal of Last Judgement, Notre Dame. The carving is a representation of a she-devil urinating on a cardinal, pope, and a king. This is an example of visual culture as its purpose isRead MoreThe As A Visual And Television Culture1209 Words   |  5 Pagesto Death, Neil Postman talks about the change from the age of typography to the age of visual media and how it has greatly impacted the American culture. Postman points out several reasons to support his opinion that the transition has indeed proven to have a negative effect on the American people. How did, what was once almost entirely a typographical culture, become so completely a visual and television culture? Postman begins explaining this transition by first describing what life in the 1800’sRead MoreThe Image Of Visual Culture Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesAn Image Transmits Information to Public ‘Visual culture’ contains many different media forms ranging from art works to popular film and advertising to visual data, Visual culture looks at how those images transmit messages within a culture (Sturken Cartwright, 2005, P.1). Individual choice has a high value in the world of consumerism (Sturken Cartwright, 2005, P.191). KENZO’s advertising use colours and display of the furniture to reflect people s emotion to express their product design. ThisRead MoreThe Reality Of Visual Culture940 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Visual Culture? Well, have you ever been on the internet? Of course you’ve have. The internet is where modern Visual Culture lives. Mostly through jokes, and these jokes online are usually called memes. Now what is a meme? Well it originally comes noted from the book The Selfish Gene (1989) Where a British scientist name Richard Dawkins stated, a meme was â€Å"A unit of cultural transmission.† With the understanding of a meme, wha t does it do? Well after watching the YouTube video Visual CultureRead MoreEssay about The Visual Culture913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Visual Culture Over the past few decades, enhancements in the visual fields have greatly improved, giving weight on the importance of visual material in text. Something that is more visually stimulating can usually make a text more convincing or credible. The term â€Å"seeing is believing† proves this fact. As humans, we tend to believe something if we can actually see it, which is why Jay David Bolter has referred to this phenomenon of the changed role of text and graphics asRead MoreThe Bowler Hat : Visual Culture1997 Words   |  8 PagesThe bowler hat has been a part of visual culture ever since it was designed and created during the reign of Queen Victoria in 1849 for Edward Coke, a British soldier and politician. Since then the bowler hat has become symbolic in visual and popular culture, being featured in books, films and logos, as well as being used within politics in order to relate to other classes, as well as bypassing gender stereotypes. These hats were originall y used as head protection for gamekeepers as their previousRead MoreA Reflection On Reading Visual Culture2407 Words   |  10 Pages READING VISUAL CULTURE Assignment 2 Colour is one of the dominant symbolic aspects of representation; another is the use of words. Expand upon the use of both in the construction of meaning. When it comes to representation, there is no aspect more important than that of colour. Whilst words can be used to describe what kind of emotion it is portraying, colour can change the emotion and meaning of a representation simply by just being there. A good example of the power that colour has can

Gran Torino Cultural Conflict And Redemption - 1840 Words

Cheryl Evans Carol Hayes Interpersonal Communication 11 June 2017 Gran Torino Analysis- A Reflection on Cultural Conflict and Redemption The 2008 movie â€Å"Gran Torino† starring Clint Eastwood is filled with an abundance of cultural diversity, which is met with much resistance, stereotype, and prejudice by the movies’ main character, Walt Kowalski. Walt’s world is changing; his Detroit neighborhood is decaying, his relationship with his sons is distant, and his Korean War memories continue to destroy his ability to fully enjoy life. Through an unlikely bond with the Hmong children next door, Walt finally receives redemption by coming face-to-face with the same destructive prejudices consuming neighborhood teenage gang members†¦show more content†¦Language is cultural, but it is not always defined entirely by ethnicity or race. The impact of one’s own generation, family histories, society, and values impacts the culture of language. â€Å"Even when people speak the same language, there can be differences in co mmunication style and language use† (Martin Nakayama, 2011, p. 150). One can assume that Walt’s racial, prejudiced, and stereotyped view of the world reflects his generation, his military career and involvement in the Korean War, and his factory environment at the Ford plant. His culture of language, albeit offensive, creates a cultural divide within his own family. Though he and his family speak the same language, their inability to communicate inter-culturally creates dysfunction, as shown in the scene â€Å"Unhappy Birthday.† Walt’s oldest son and his wife bring birthday gifts for Walt they think are thoughtful and will make Walt’s life â€Å"easier.† Entirely out of touch with Walt and his goals and values, the gifts and retirement home suggestions are rejected, as is their presence. â€Å"No one can say we didn’t try† (Eastwood, 2008), but the audience knows better. Had they been more perceptive years ago about Walt†™s communication/language culture, their presence would have been the best giftShow MoreRelatedGran Torino : Cultural Conflict And Redemption1786 Words   |  8 PagesGran Torino Analysis- A Reflection on Cultural Conflict and Redemption The 2008 movie â€Å"Gran Torino† starring Clint Eastwood is filled with an abundance of cultural diversity, which is met with much resistance, stereotype, and prejudice by the movies’ main character, Walt Kowalski. Walt’s world is changing; his wife dies, his Detroit neighborhood is decaying, his relationship with his sons is distant, and his Korean War memories continue to destroy his ability to fully enjoy life. ThroughRead MoreFilm Review : Gran Torino Film Gran Verona 1794 Words   |  8 PagesFor Milestone Two project, I have chosen the film Gran Torino starring Clint Eastwood to analyze, this film is filled with a profusion of cultural diversity, which is met with contention, stereotypical actions, and prejudice by the main character, Walt Kowalski. This film begins in a suburb of Detroit, Michigan where the grumpy widower Walt Kowalski is a Retired auto worker and Korean War veteran full of prejudice despising the many Asian, Latino and blac k families in his neighborhood. Walt’s whole

MA in Virgin Airlines

Question: Discuss about theMA in Virgin Airlines. Answer: Introduction In terms of sales departments, the management has emphasized upon disseminating the different roles of management reporting into several sets of job profiles. These posts comprises of Accounts Managers, Operational Executives and sales analysts. The key revenue indicators comes from passenger ticket sales, this is to be followed by the revenues generated through the freighting activities coupled with providing logistical solutions. Instead of machine hours as used in manufacturing and production operations, the airline uses Block Hour (BH). A synonym for Aircraft Hour, the BH is determined by the duration that a particular flight takes between moving out of departure gate until entering the arrival gate (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). The productivity of airlines is computed using the BH unit; Virgin too utilizes these unitary measures in order to gauge the degree of efficiency of its operating activities. The primary fleet of airbus operated by the company comprises of Boeing 7 37-400 and 737-800 (Virgin Australia 2016). The airline sets a particular benchmark for utilization of its aircraft carriers based upon the industry standards and thereby computes the degree of variance based upon the frequency of its flight schedules. In terms of measuring the overall unit costs of operations, the cost per unit of available seat mile (CASM) is utilized by the Virgin Airline likewise other airline companies. The basic methodology for computing CASM is through determination of aggregate operating costs followed by computing the quantum of available seat miles and then dividing the former with the latter (Web.mit.edu 2016). The actual CASM is derived and analyzed periodically; mostly on a quarterly basis in order undertake comparison with the industry standards. The benchmarking of the costs as against Virgin Airlines domestic and international competitors assists in evaluating the effectiveness of cost management operations currently implemented by the company. Revenue Passenger Miles (RPM) is the measurement unit of computing the degree of passenger traffic managed by the airline in the last quarter, half year or annual period. The RPM is a indicator of the salability of the airline due to the fact that computation of RPM entails determining the number of airline seats sold by the company. A high RPM tends to indicate the fact that the company has succeeded towards retaining its existing consumer base along with attracting newer sets of flyers (iata.org 2016). The analysts undertaking the evaluation of sales activities tends to use RPM as a parameter to make recommendations regarding current management policies concerning the sales activities. The load factor is another costing unit utilized in order to assist in determining the quantum of consumption of airline output. The load factor comprises of using the RPM as a percentage of Available Seat Miles (ASM). Moreover, the computations as regards to load factor is done by the company on a w eek by week basis in accordance with the industry norms which is then aggregated at the end of a particular quarter. The revenue generated by the company through carriage activities pertaining to its passengers are categorized as passenger revenue (PR). Moreover, they are appropriated on the basis of schedule flight operations thereby attributing the costs in accordance to each activity. The passenger revenue is a representation of a division among the sources of revenue generation by the airline. The generated revenue by the airline is segregated amongst the revenue earned from passengers and those earned purely from logistical activities. Another form of measurement of revenue relates to the fact that the total revenue is to be computed with regards to ASM in order to facilitate evaluation of revenue generated per ASM. Airline industry in general has diverse sets of costs comprising of regulatory expenses, operating expenses, services costs and costs pertaining to security, technological up gradation expenditures among others. Virgin Airlines has numerous expenses that are variable in nature and cost of which tends to vary upon several relevant factors. Primary among them being the travel routes in which the airline operates. Moreover, the purchasing mechanism for aircraft carriers, maintenance costs, staff salaries, aviation fuels costs among others. Further, the maintenance costs relating to aircrafts vary in quantum. This is owing to the fact that the specification, fuselage and efficiency along with the engineering involved in manufacturing the aircrafts vary from aircraft to aircraft. The airlines follow ABC method of costing in order to compute aircraft maintenance costs due to the inherent nature of cost allocation facilitated by ABC costing. The ABC method of costing has been developed with an intention towards providing a enhanced set of platform for cost ascertainment than what was provided by Traditional Cost Accounting (TCA). The benefits as regards to ABC Costing arise from the fact that the product cost behavior can be adequately evaluated by companies implementing the method (Drury 2013). In terms of Virgin Airlines, the usually distorted sets of cost computations resulting from implementation of TCA can be reduced substantially by applying ABC. In case of TCA, the allocation of overhead costs has been facilitated through accumulation of costs from each department. This is followed by allocating them to the services or products (Levant and Zimnovitch 2013). On the other hand, ABC costing tends to undertake cost ascertainment and allocation based upon different sets of activities (Kaplan and Anderson 2013). Thereby, the allocating processes under ABC are more transparent and rational in nature for airline companies like Virgin. Airline industry in general incurs heavy maintenance costs that can be segregated into both direct and indirect costs. Every set of Airline Company, including Virgin Airlines, tends to have their activities distributed amongst aircraft maintenance, cabin and crew maintenance, structure maintenance coupled with upkeep of relevant tools. The aircraft maintenance activities comprise of preflight checking and functioning, inspection of aircraft decks, performing onboard operation checks along with cleaning of airbuses. Further, in terms of cabin maintenance, the activities entails maintaining the rugs, seats and carpets inside the flights coupled with installation and upkeep of emergency medical aids. The structure maintenance pertaining to airbuses comprises of repairing, oiling and painting, overhauling and wielding activities. The direct costs in relation to airline operations includes engine maintenance costs, direct labor costs as in salaries of cockpit crews and aeronautical engineers directly involved in operating in the predetermined routes. Moreover the leasing, rents relating to airbus maintenance, both heavy and base aircraft maintenance consumables falls under direct costs. The primary form of overhead costs includes regulatory fees to be paid to aviation authorities, depreciations as regards to airbuses and the rent relating to aircraft hangars. The majority of MA functions are undertaken by the Finance department whose functions includes initiating the financial analysis, financial forecasting, preparation of internal audit report, management of expansionary and up-gradation projects (Virgin Australia 2016). The relevant job roles pertaining to the finance department comprises of Auditor, Project Managers, Business Analysts and Accountants along with specialization in IT architecture and softwar e. The major forms of reports generated by airlines in order to facilitate managerial decision making comprises of preparation Flight Load on a daily basis. The flight load pertaining to a particular period comprises of flight numbers, the operating flight routes, details regarding the departure and arrival time. Further, such report also takes into account the volume of passenger booking the flights coupled with no show. The next line of reports tends to provide details regarding BH, RPM, ASM and PR in order to facilitate performance evaluation of activities undertaken by the company. Moreover, preparation of budget forecasting under the supervision of Finance Department tends to assist in mitigating the prevalent degree of cost overruns. References: Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Hill, G., 2016. Cost management.MHD Supply Chain Solutions,46(4), p.16 Joseph, J. and Vetrivel, M.A., 2013. Impact of target costing and activity based costing on improving the profitability of spinning mills in coimbatore-empirical study on spinning mills.Journal of Contemporary Research in Management,7(2). Kaplan, R. and Anderson, S.R., 2013.Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Kaplan, R. and Anderson, S.R., 2013.Time-driven activity-based costing: a simpler and more powerful path to higher profits. Harvard business press. Levant, Y. and Zimnovitch, H., 2013. Contemporary evolutions in costing methods: Understanding these trends through the use of equivalence methods in France.Accounting History,18(1), pp.51-75. Raeesi, R. and Amini, A., 2013. Developing a Grey Activity Based Costing (G-abc)Method to Capture the Inherent Uncertainity in Identifying Cost Drivers Consumption Rates. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal,17(2), p.41. Virgin Australia. (2016). Department Profiles | Virgin Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.virginaustralia.com/au/en/about-us/careers/department-profiles/ [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. Web.mit.edu. (2016). Airline Data Project. [online] Available at: https://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/Res_Glossary.html [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016]. www.iata.org, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/passenger-analysis-jul-2016.pdf [Accessed 18 Oct. 2016].

Assess the Most Important Constitutional free essay sample

New Labour came into power on May 1st 1997 and pledged to undertake the most radical shift in constitutional arrangements which would reform British constitution. Majority agree that this was a momentous period of constitutional change, arguably the most important period of constitutional change in Britain since the introduction of universal suffrage. However others think that it was too radical, too unplanned and too unfinished. By the end of its first term (1997-2001), the Balir government had enacted a substantial reform programme. One reform introudced after 1997 was devolution. The centrepiece of Labour’s programme of constitutional reform was undoubtedly this. Referendums had been held in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland regading whether they should have their own Parliaments and devolved government. Devolution will almost certainly have an impact on the wishes of the people who live there to see complete independence for their country. Once devolution had been granted, complete independence would see an opportunity to point out how good that country is at self-government. It would also lead a renewed push for independence it is better for Scotland and Wales as they get to run a minority themselves without so much interference by our incompetent government. In Scotland’s first year it passed eight bills into acts and eleven bills were going through the parliamentary process. Therefore, in 12 months 19 issues relating to Scotland were either finalised or going through the process of being accepted or not. On average, the House of Commons passed one or two acts a year that directly related to Scotland. In this sense, the Scottish Parliament has been very successful as they managed to set things straight. One of the major arguments against devolution is that it will be the start of the break-up of the United Kingdom; that from small beginnings (if devolution can be seen as ‘small’) the ultimate fate of this country will be regional authorities with more devolved power in the counties – this may appeal to those who want more authority in counties like Cornwall, but many see this as the start of the break up of the United Kingdom with a massive loss of central authority. Another reason as to why it can be seen as unsuccessful is that for the Scottish, they are not allowed to interfere with English laws apart from those that concern them, for example agriculture and education. This can be seen as unfair because the British can make amendments to Scottish laws, this may lead to another reason why the Scottish should have their independence. Overall it can be seen as a success for parts of England as they were entitled to independence. In a 1997 poll, people in Scotland were asked whether they felt they were Scottish or British. They answered as followed that 63% indicated that they felt that they were Scottish or more Scottish than British. This would fit in with the Marshall model – those who felt that they were Scots would wish for their own Parliament. So it accomplished the wishes of the Scots making it a success for the Scottish population. Another reform introduced after 1997 was the Human Rights Act (1998). The Human Rights Act was implemented in 2000 but was the basic rights that each human being is entitled to, for example, fundamental rights, procedural rights and qualified rights. Some people may find this unnecessary as it is common sense to know what rights you are entitled to and that having it printed as an act could debatably have been a waste of time and the act could have just been uncodified. On the other hand people can say that the Human Rights act was very successful as it made adamant about what our rights are as humans. It helped to promote diversity as it outlined equal opportunities, regardless of colour. It promoted togetherness, hence there would be equity and equality so it introduced diversity means peace and no prejudice / discrimination or violent acts against those with different colour. It also helped vulnerable people who needed protection; it stopped them from being exploited as they knew what rights they were entitled to. The Human Rights Act of 1998 overall was a success due to the fact that it finally guaranteed basic human right for the British people and led to a protection and recognition of individuals rights. New Labour introduced another reform in 1999 which was A Freedom of Information Act. This act was an Act of Parliament that creates a public right to access to information held by public authorities. This can be seen as a positive aspect of the constitutional change as it prevents the government from being too secretive. The revelations about MPs expenses would not have been available to the Daily Telegraph had the parliamentary authorities not been preparing a document for FOI release; and there have been many other disclosures that have served to highlight stories many would wish to hide – such as Princes Charless black spider memos to government ministers. December 1997 the government issued a White Paper entitled ‘Your Right to Know’ which stated that ‘unnecessary secrecy in government leads to arrogance and defective decision- making’. This shows that it was successful because the public can see what is happening with the people who are meant to be representing their constitutions. For some, they would argue the fact that passing the act wasn’t a success as it is seen to be a waste of time and money, with requesters complaining that important information is all too often redacted. Or that it is withheld by authorities who are keenly aware of the news value of the material they hold. They could argue that sometimes information is simply lost for three or even four years in a slow appeals process as the information commissioners office is swamped with cases. From this a conclusion can be drawn that it wasn’t a success due to the wastage of money and time when things are purposely delayed. Overall it can be said that the passing of this act has been a success due to the fact that information can be revealed however something’s take time to come out within the process. Reform of the House of Lords had long been on Labour Party agendas and had plagued British politics for a hundred years, with relatively progress achieved until recently. The problem had been that historically it has been a largely hereditary and non-democratic Chamber. New Labour decided to take power away from those who were born into it and govern it to people who have earned it. This would have been good in the public eye as it would indicate that exceptional people who have been selected will serve in the House of Lords. However, the reform was left unfinished and the intention was that the initial changes would only be miniscule. The Labour Government’s proposal for a partly appointed, partly selected chamber was widely ‘rubbished’ and they handed the issue over to a committee of both houses. But they failed to come up with an acceptable alternative and the issue remains unresolved. So, the reform was mainly unsuccessful due to that it was incomplete†¦If many British people can accept that to be a royal you have to either marry or be born into it then it should have been understandable for Lords to be born into Lordship. Nevertheless, it was fair to stop hereditary lords. In conclusion as to what was the most important constitutional change introduced in UK since 1997; devolution was by far the most influential, radical and valued reform. It changed how the country is governed and it definitely had a massive impact upon the Scottish population. It signaled that the Scottish are not English and that they now have their own identity. Many people believe that the change was overdue and much needed. Devolution has given more say to the regions and made them happier with their places in the UK.

The Top Economic Essay Topics

The Top Economic Essay TopicsThe economic essay topics listed in this article will give you an idea of what kinds of topics are in the general flow of the topic. Also, these essays include some examples to show the students how it is done. Other types of topics that are commonly used in the texts for economics include questions, money, economy, ethics, taxes, industrial revolution, government, and markets.It is a good idea to think of a topic that pertains to one of the economics subject areas. Topics are always broad, so it is better to start from one of the main topics. A topic can be as broad as one's financial background. Then, one can come up with topics that pertain to one's education, career and life choices.One can include a 'core topic' which will be a basic idea or a theory behind a topic. It is important to establish your area of expertise and move from there. By doing this, the readers will be able to connect with the topics on your work. At the same time, it will give yo u an opportunity to expand on your topic and add to your authority and credibility.Once the basic ideas are established, they can be expanded upon by adding in various type of information and also starting from the beginning. A common addition to an economic essay topics list is to add in one or two graphs, tables, or charts. This way, the reader is able to see the expansion of your topic. There are some examples to show that just adding in the graph or chart will increase the number of views and viewers on the page.A quick example is the example of the economy. Economics is really a broad subject and is comprised of a great many different areas. However, economics is usually expanded with reference to the nature of an economy and also with reference to one of the elements of economics, namely the theory of value. It can be expanded on in various ways and can make the text more appealing.The examples of the economics essay topics listed in this article can be easily reproduced on th e Internet. These can be put together to form a web page. When there is a web page that can offer a link to all the economic topics and different types of topics, it will give the text a wider reach. This will help to improve your credibility and authority.One should always take note of economics essay topics that relate to theories. These should be incorporated into one's essay before it can be published. Having a good grasp of these theories will help the reader to understand your own subjects and make the text more interesting. It is not necessary to mention these theories unless one wishes to.Essay writing should not be done without any prior research. Essay writing should be done with an aim towards the goals of increasing credibility and authority. This will also encourage others to read your work and bring more attention to it.

Philosophers Stone Essay Example

Philosophers Stone Essay The camera angle now changes to a close up of the boy. He looks in the mirror to where his mother was standing, and touches it. His facial expressions demonstrate that hes trying to hold back his tears. Perhaps he is trying to make himself look like a big boy, who doesnt really need his mum anymore.  There is a parallel to be made here between this scene and another well known to children. In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone there is a moving episode where Harry sees his dead parents in the mirror. He reaches out to them but then they are gone. The film preceded this Cancer advert but clever advertisers recognize the power of association. They know that children watching this appeal will be reminded of their favorite film and will instantly bond with the advert. It might even encourage them to draw their parents attention to it. Association of the product with a well-known media star or event is a well-used technique. The advert now diverts to a family who has been treated by the Cancer organisation. The mother in this scene is brushing her hair; its quite a normal thing to do, the family doesnt look affected by cancer at all. The children are talking the background of the three shot camera angle. The phone number appears on the screen, whilst the voiceover says Please call 0800 316 4000 and give 2 a month to Cancer Research UK. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophers Stone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophers Stone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophers Stone specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At this point the advert is telling the viewer to contribute a small donation and magnify the result. The colours in the background are warm and pleasant, associated with life and security. The mother says to one of her children come here and hugs her child with strength and love. The hug becomes a kiss and a hug again; this is showing to the viewer the strength of their relationship. This also implies openness and a need to communicate to children about cancer. It blows away previously held myths that cancer is infectious or has a stigma attached to it. Text is printed across the screen à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 a month will help us cure cancer faster these are a few short words which will help the viewer to develop an understanding for the uses of the small contribution. Most adverts tend to leave the advert with a key point, or name so that the viewers will remember the product advertised when they next go shopping. The Cancer Research UKs advert finishes with the mother and daughter hugging. The background has a mirror that reflects the light, and warm colours to show the life and future the family has together. The advertisement here is stressing the effectiveness of the product, that is, Cancer Research UK would make good use of your contribution. In my opinion, the advertisement is successful because it shows two scenes that are both similar and contrasting. Both portray family life with a mother and child. However the fundamental difference is life and death. In one scene the mother dies of cancer. In the other the mother survives. The inference is that the person who can really make the difference is the viewer. A modest donation of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 a month is a small price to pay to alleviate the viewers guilt, to buy hope and find an effective cure for cancer. The advert empowers the viewer to act in a positive way and this is an appealing message. It also implies that as one in three of us will develop cancer at some point in our lives, and therefore it would be a good and wise investment.  This is a beautifully crafted advert that stimulates the senses of sight, sound, and touch. As such, it makes a lasting impression especially as a potential giver can contribute to a happy ending.

Free Essays on Long Days Journey

The play Long Days Journey into Night creates a world in which communication has broken down. One of the great conflicts in the play is the characters' uncanny inability to communicate despite their constant fighting. For instance, the men often fight amongst themselves over Mary's addiction, but no one is willing to confront her directly. Instead, they allow her to lie to herself about her own addiction and about Edmund's illness. Edmund and Jamie do not communicate well until the last act, when Jamie finally confesses his own jealousy of his brother and desire to see him fail. Tyrone, likewise, can only criticize his sons, but his stubborn nature will not allow him to accept criticism. All the characters have bones to pick, but they have trouble doing so in a constructive fashion. Most of the bones that need picking emerge in the past, which is remarkably alive for the Tyrone’s. Mary in particular cannot forget the past and all the dreams she once had of being a nun or a pianist. Tyrone too has always had high hopes for Jamie, who has been a continual disappointment. All the conflicts and the problems from the past cannot be forgotten, and, in fact, they seem doomed to be relived day after day. It is important to note that Long Day's Journey into Night is not only a journey forward in time, but also a journey back into the past lives of all the characters, who continually dip back into their old lifestyles. The reader is with the realization that the family is not making progress towards betterment, but rather continually sliding into despair, as they remain bound to a past that they can neither forget nor forgive. The play is all the more tragic because it leaves little hope for the future; indeed, the future for the Tyrone’s can only be seen as one long cycle of a repeated past bound in by alcohol and morphine. This play was awarded the Pulitzer Prize when it was first published, and it has remained one of the most admir... Free Essays on Long Days Journey Free Essays on Long Days Journey The play Long Days Journey into Night creates a world in which communication has broken down. One of the great conflicts in the play is the characters' uncanny inability to communicate despite their constant fighting. For instance, the men often fight amongst themselves over Mary's addiction, but no one is willing to confront her directly. Instead, they allow her to lie to herself about her own addiction and about Edmund's illness. Edmund and Jamie do not communicate well until the last act, when Jamie finally confesses his own jealousy of his brother and desire to see him fail. Tyrone, likewise, can only criticize his sons, but his stubborn nature will not allow him to accept criticism. All the characters have bones to pick, but they have trouble doing so in a constructive fashion. Most of the bones that need picking emerge in the past, which is remarkably alive for the Tyrone’s. Mary in particular cannot forget the past and all the dreams she once had of being a nun or a pianist. Tyrone too has always had high hopes for Jamie, who has been a continual disappointment. All the conflicts and the problems from the past cannot be forgotten, and, in fact, they seem doomed to be relived day after day. It is important to note that Long Day's Journey into Night is not only a journey forward in time, but also a journey back into the past lives of all the characters, who continually dip back into their old lifestyles. The reader is with the realization that the family is not making progress towards betterment, but rather continually sliding into despair, as they remain bound to a past that they can neither forget nor forgive. The play is all the more tragic because it leaves little hope for the future; indeed, the future for the Tyrone’s can only be seen as one long cycle of a repeated past bound in by alcohol and morphine. This play was awarded the Pulitzer Prize when it was first published, and it has remained one of the most admir...

Demand and Supply Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Demand and Supply Paper - Essay Example This people interact in the market freely, or at the time there is intervention by the government or local authority (Welbourn 2007). The forces of demand supply come together and make up the market equilibrium. If the supply of a certain good or service is too high, this will push the price for that particular good or service downwards. If there is too much demand in the market surpassing the supply, the prices of the goods or service will go up (Welbourn 2007). This is because their will be too much money chasing too little goods. For the market to be in equilibrium the forces of demand, have to come together. This will help to determine the price of a particular good or service. To help take in this concept, I have decided to elaborate the concept of demand and supply using a good that most people cannot do without. Toothpaste. Most people tend to be extremely uncomfortable when they do not brush their teeth using toothpaste. The dentists also recommend people to brush their teeth with toothpaste at least twice in a day. This makes toothpaste a vital commodity in every household. QQuantity The above are the demand and supply curves for toothpaste. The demand curve is determined by plotting price on the y-axis and quantity on the x-axis. Since tooth paste is packed in different sachets containing different quantities. One can obtain this information in the local supermarkets. We take the different quantities of toothpaste and the amount they sold for. Through this method, one can easily come up with the demand curve for toothpaste. The same process is to be followed so as to determine the supply curve. The curve obtained by plotting the quantity on the x-axis and price on the y-axis (Welbourn 2007). Equilibrium is the point where the demand and supply curve intersect. In our case indicates no allocative inefficiency. The equilibrium price is P while the equilibrium price will be Q. This, however, is not static as the prices of toothpaste are constantly changi ng. These fluctuations have an effect on demand and supply curves. This will in turn affect the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity (Klein 2011). In our case, however, the markets are not in perfect equilibrium. This is because there might be excess demand or supply of toothpaste in the market. Another reason might also be that the market does not entirely depend on demand or supply forces to determine the market price (Welbourn 2007. There will be government intervention through taxes, licenses and various other regulations put in place by the government. There are two economic theories that may be used to explain this phenomenon. The first one is the theory of demand, and the other one is the theory of supply (Adil 2006). The theory explains the relationship between the goods demanded by the consumer and the prices. The more a good supplied in excess, in the market then the price for the good or service will drop. This will also have an effect on the equilibrium price as it will also drop. The other theory is that of supply theory. This theory explains that when consumers are in need of a product. That is the supply does not meet the consumers demand than the prices of that commodity increases. In other words, whenever the supply of a commodity is too much the price of a product will decrease (Klein 2011). For the market to be in perfect equilibrium, the following has to happen. The cost of production for any good or service should be constant. This

Facebook Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Facebook - Essay Example Ashley Watson lists Starbucks, Victoria’s Secret, Zara, McDonalds, H&M, Taco Bell, Subway, Lacoste, Hollister and Forever as the top ten most liked retailers advertising on Facebook and claims they are selling themselves on the site as they discovered it as an innovative way of letting themselves be known to consumers. The advertisers on Facebook generally let their products known on the networking site because of the number of people they can reach as friends of targeted consumers see what they are engaged with when they click on the like button below the pictures of advertisers (Stambor). In addition, Facebook advertising is cheaper on the part of the retailers while they are still able to reach more consumers with the help of their prospects’ free advertisements tot their friends. As mentioned earlier in the ads of Facebook, retailers are also able to interact with customers, telling them more about their products and answering questions which makes consumers appreciate or give suggestions to the retailers. Being the top among the ten retailers mentioned earlier, Starbucks gained its status with a well done Facebook page (Lee) where they communicate with their customers, updating them with new products, promotions and other pertinent information that engage their fans. One noted activity of the retailer is giving away free products when they print out invitations from their advertisement on the networking site which increased their production within the promotional period. Another retailer that took great advantage of the site’s advertisement page is the controversial Taco Bell (Lee, Singer) with the lawsuit claiming its Taco fillings do not meet the standard requirement of the USDA to be labeled as beef, the retailer used Facebook to pacify consumers. It is giving away ten million coupons to those who like them on Facebook which consequently entitles them for free Tacos and the more than five million followers of Taco Bell