Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Essay Example for Free

Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Essay Personal interest: My first awareness of racial identity and diversity occurred when I was in Year 3. Having being raised acknowledging acceptance of people of racial or cultural difference my thoughts of children of colour were positive and impartial. However, one day a boy in my class of Sri Lankan descent got into trouble with another student, but only the Sri Lankan boy was asked to go to the principal’s office. During our lunch break he came over to a group of us and told us that he thought he was the one that got into trouble ‘because he was ‘black’’. I remember thinking to myself, ‘why would he get into trouble just because he was black? ’ It was in fact that both boys went to the principal’s office, just on separate occasions. This was my first memory of someone thinking that they were being singled out or getting into trouble due to belief of skin colour dissimilarity and racial stereotypes. I’ve been aware of racial diversity ever since. Now that I have an opportunity to be a part of children’s learning and development I want to learn more about diversity and make a difference in children’s perspectives of themselves and others. Discussion: As educators in early childhood, it is crucial that we acknowledge and respect that children’s personal, family and cultural histories shape their learning and development. The increase in racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity in educational centres is reflected in many early childhood classrooms. Although the diverse composition of early childhood classrooms may bring challenges, it also introduces many opportunities for educators, parents, and children as we need to value and appreciate difference and variety as a positive attribute in all educational and social environments (Ashman and Elkins 2008). As adults, being ‘different’ is a decision to make a personal statement; such as deciding to change a hairstyle, get a tattoo or by wearing alternative clothing. It is one thing to be different by choice, and another for a child to discern themselves as being different based on their physical features, cultural of religious differences. One of the most stimulating aspects of early education is observing and supporting young children as they develop their individual identities. This development takes place within different social contexts where issues relating to human diversity and difference impact significantly on children’s understandings and ways of being in the world. Arguably, our education begins when we are first able to detect causes and consequences, and continue to form the basis of our identity, behaviours and knowledge of the world around us. Glover (1991) in the early 1990s found that as 2-3 year old children became aware of difference they simultaneously develop positive and negative feelings about the differences they observe. For example, racial awareness impacts on their perceptions of skin colour and on their preferences in the social relationships they initiate and foster with other children. An Australian study conducted by Palmer (1990) exemplifies how preschool children were able to make negative judgements based on racial characteristics of young Aboriginal children. Children were reportedly saying ‘You’re the colour of poo†¦ Did your mum drop you in the poo? ’ This observation suggests that children as young as 2 years old are becoming aware of diversity and differences of others, and these judgements children are making are often affecting their ability to make sound judgements of others as their perceptions of reality are distorted. Although Palmers study was conducted in 1990, there has been a significant increase in racial awareness since the 1980s of the importance of early childhood education policies, practices and curriculum aiming to positively reflect the diverse cultural identities of children and their families. Today, the embracing of children’s lives is a central focus of the different philosophies which foster early childhood education in Western society, such as the ‘anti-bias curriculum’ which emerged from the United States (Derman-Sparks and the A. B. C. Task Force, stated in Robinson 2006 p 2) and also in the perspectives of Reggio Emilia. In Australia there has been a broadening of cultural influences which has been referred to by Ashman (2008) as ‘the cultural mosaic’, which refers to those who have migrated maintain their homeland traditions while embracing the new norms, values and practices within the country. Furthermore data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2008) show that around 25% of Australians were born in other countries, nearly half the population has direct links with relatives born overseas, and over 2. 5 million people speak a language other than English at home, which should clearly illustrate to educators that learning developmental experiences need to be appropriate for multicultural children to be involved in. As stated by Robinson (2006), the early childhood years are fundamental years in the growth and development of a child’s cognition, language, social, emotional and physical competence. Early childhood educators are in an ideal position to make a positive difference in the lives of children and their families. My emerging philosophy would be to teach children to be critical thinkers specifically about prejudice and discrimination to encourage children to develop the skills to identify when something they have said or done is unfair of hurtful to another. Also to model the behaviours and attitudes I would want children to develop, particularly in situations that can either promote prejudice or inhibit a child’s openness to diversity. Furthermore, I would aim to expose children to role models from their own culture as well as to those from other cultures to encourage appreciation of their own cultural identity, as well as different cultures. As professionals who work with families, our willingness to talk openly about identity and to help foster a positive sense of self in children can make an enormous difference in affirming the rich diversity within our community and help children form bridges across cultures and traditions. The more that children have a solid grounding and understanding about who they are and where they came from, the more they learn to value differences of cultures different from their own, and the closer we get to building a world of respect of multicultural differences. Ashman, A F, Elkins J 2008, ‘Education for Inclusion and Diversity’, 3rd edn, Pearson Education, Frenchs Forest, NSW. Davis, B M 2009, ‘The Biracial and Multicultural Student Experience: a journey to racial literacy’, Corwin, Sage Ltd, USA. Glover, A 1991, ‘Young children and race: a report of a study of two and three year olds’, Australian Catholic University, Sydney. Pulido-Tobiassen, D, Gonzalez-Mena, J 2005, ‘Learning to Appreciate Differences’, Early Childhood Today, vol. 20, issue 3, viewed 2 April 2011, retrieved from Victoria University Database. Robinson, K 2006, ‘Diversity and Difference in Early Childhood Education’, Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow, viewed 1 April 2011, retrieved from Ebrary database.

Laws of Life :: essays papers

Laws of Life "Each contact with a human being is so rare, so precious, one should preserve it."(Anais Nin). This means that every person one comes in contact with has an influence on his life. One should never forget the people who go out of their way to be nice to them. Influences others have on my life are the most important details of my life. There have been many influences on my life, three of which stand out the most, my laws of life. One influence on my life is people. Miss Haferman is a person who has had a very great influence on my life. She was my first grade teacher. She was the most caring and dedicated teacher I ever had and she respected every student as an individual. On the other hand, she had a very negative influence on my life. She is the person who told me there was no Santa Clause, which ruined Christmas for me for a very long time. Another person who has had a great influence on my life is Mr. Robinson. He was my first band teacher. He is the person who convinced me to join band, which helped me make many great friends and also made school fun for me. He also taught me how to play the clarinet. Now, I love playing the clarinet and it could even get me a scolarship for college. Another influence on my life is incidents. Moving to Tennessee was an incident that was very influential on my life. One way it was influential was losing all my old friends whom I had known my whole life. They were a big part of my life and I still regret ever losing touch with them. Moving to Tennessee was also influential because I had to make new friends, and I became less shy and more outgoing. My friends in Tennessee and my friends in Illinois are very different, but they are all very great people. Another influential incident in my life is going to FCHS. Going to FCHS also caused me to lose some of my friends. Even though I lost those friends, I made many friends who are really nice. I also learned alot about who my real friends are. Society has also had a great influence on my life. Princess Diana had a great influence on my life. One of the great things she did that influenced my life was when she auctioned seventy-nine of her dresses and donated the money to charity.

Gloucester Character in King Lear Essay

King Lear and Gloucester are similar to an extent of being tragic heroes, because they both experience the traditional features of a classic tragedy. Both characters go through the features of hubris, hamartia and culminates with anagnorisis. Shakespeare employs the double plot in ‘King Lear’, the only Shakespearean tragedy to employ two similar plots which function in a parallel manner. In doing so, Shakespeare is able to demonstrate the tragic consequences that result when the natural law is subverted. Despite both being tragic figures, the causes of their downfall are different and thus the culmination of the way both characters are considered to be tragic varies as well. Lear and Gloucester both commit blunders in the opening of the play, calling attention to their own tragic flaw, however the both the cause and impact varies. There is an indication of a power struggle as Renaissance society was patriarchal and gerontocratic, meaning men did not consider retirement nor did they pass on their power when they reached old age. Lear deciding to give away his power to his daughters, under the intention of ‘conferring them on younger strengths, while we unburthen’d crawl towards death’, would have challenged the thinking of an Elizabethan audience who acknowledged the social construct of the ‘Great Chain of Being’, the existence of a natural social of all beings and animals having their own ordained position. Both figures reject a child who truly loved them- this is their tragic flaw. Lear’s decision to ‘disclaim all parental care’ from Cordelia, is perhaps the most impactful decision, because Lear had d isacknowledged the one daughter who truly loved him. As a result, Lear’s subversion of power ‘to shake all cares and business from our age’ is perhaps more fata as a mistake in comparison to Gloucester. For Gloucester, his mistake is may be his adultery. The way Gloucester describes his son as ‘often blushed to acknowledge him’ highlights the concern of raising an illegitimate child. Consequently, Edmund seeks go against the laws of primogeniture, allowing only the legitimate child to be entitled to land. Gloucester is also  suggested to have relaxed morals, justifying the birth of Edmund with his mother as a ‘knave came something saucily to the world’. Gloucester’s fault is less reckless than Lear’s. Gloucester’s fault is arguably justifiable as he was lied to by his own son. However it is his reaction, denying thought and logic which warrants consequences. The impact of both character’s hamartia being equally destructive. According to Aristotle, he believed horror and pity are the two emotions the audience should feel while watching a tragedy, and Shak The physical suffering Gloucester endures namely, being blinded was thought to be something too gruesome to be displayed as a result, the scene had been omitted by some productions. Theatrical critic G.Wilson Knight commented on the play being ‘purposeless and unreasonable, King Lear is the most fearless artistic facing of ultimate cruelty’. The juxtaposition of Gloucester’s cries of ‘give me help! O cruel!’ against Goneril’s brutal statements ‘how now, you dog!’ highlights the ruthlessness and barbarity of Gloucester’s circumstance. 19th century criticism was notable for suggesting Gloucester is punished harshly for his misjudgement of characters and will be viewed by most audiences as a character ‘more sinned agai nst than sinning’. However, in comparison to Lear’s suffering, the King may be portrayed more so as a tragic figure. Unlike Gloucester, Lear falls into a state of madness and the audience watch Lear’s mind deteriorate progressively during the play. The dismissal of Lear’s ‘hundred knights’ by both Goneril and Regan is powerful because the knights can be considered to be a symbol of Lear’s importance. But being denied something which Lear wants and needs he notably comments, ‘Man’s life is cheap as beast’s’ as aspects including clothes and property are symbols of civilisation. As a result Lear is reduced to having nothing to his name, thus being reduced as G.Wilson Knight said an ‘elemental, instinctive life’. Near the end of the play, the king is wearing a ‘crown of thorns’, characterising his downfall as a figure who was once decorated as King of England to a person who has aligned himself with nature, furthe red by Frank Kernode stating, ‘suffering can reduce humanity to a bestial condition’ In this way, the portrayal of Lear’s madness may be seen as more tragic than of what Gloucester experienced. A further feature of a classic tragedy is both tragic figures achieving anagnorisis, (a critical moment of  recognition), near the ending of the play. The moment of realization occurs when Regan reveals to Gloucester of Edmund being a ‘treacherous villain’ Once being blinded, Gloucester comments, ‘I stumbled when I saw’, situational irony is deployed, epitomizing his realization of the events surrounding him, at a point where he is no longer able to see. Perhaps this alludes to critic Lawrence Rosinger’s comment of ‘the play is about Gloucester and Lear’s self-discovery after a period of treating the others as a means of self-gratification’, suggesting for Gloucester to recognise the true virtues of a human being, the process involves suffering and pain. However, for Lear to gain anagnorisis, I believe he is forced to endure suffering, for example, his daughters which serves to heighten the sympathy felt for Lear. This is exemplified particularly when interacting with Gloucester in Act 4, commenting ‘they (Goneril and Regan) flattered me like a dog’, the dramatic irony invoking pity because the audience is already aware of this. Once reunited with Cordelia, Lear expresses himself as being ‘bound upon a wheel of fire’, his pessimistic view, alluding to a Christian interpretation of hell. Though both characters learn through their experience, it is arguably Lear’s anagnoriss which allows him to be more tragic than Gloucester. His torment eventually reduces him to beggary, wanting ‘give me that patience, patience I need’, the chiasmus emphasising his desperation.

Mise-en-scene The Bicycle Thief Free Essay Example, 1000 words

These are the people who were getting the employment opportunities. Ricci is one of such men, and he goes up, receives the slip and some instructions then leaves to prepare for his first day at work. The scene also has various flats in the background that are visible as Ricci approaches the crowd that is awaiting employment opportunities. These flats are an indication of the reconstruction that is taking place in the region due to the end of the war. They are realistic in that they are shot on the scene in the actual filming of the movie. The reconstruction of Rome is essential to the growth of Italy and the development of the place. The buildings in the scene are also used to show the increasing rate of population growth in the big cities of Italy. People are moving to these cities with the hope that they will get employed. They hope that the cities will provide a place for them to kick-start life after several years of battle. The buildings, however, are also used by Sica to show that employment opportunities can quickly be depleted due to an increased population. We will write a custom essay sample on Mise-en-scene: The Bicycle Thief or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now With the high population growth, young people who can work well in technical jobs have increased in number, and the available factories and companies cannot accommodate them all. Location vs. Stage or Studio Production This scene is shot on location, rather than having it moved to a studio or theatre. The producer chooses to shoot this movie in the open so as to make it more realistic. It captures life as it was, with everything going on as usual. Buses are moving on the roads, people are crossing streets, and young boys are seen playing around (Sica, 1948). The choice of on-location filming for this scene is important in that it economizes on the budget requirements of the film. The producer does not require the putting up of extra props so as to recreate Rome. Instead, he uses the real Rome and shows it to the viewers as it is. It also saves on the expenses that would have been incurred had he chosen to pay for the services of a studio or a stage. In the on-location filming, the non-professional actors feel free to express themselves and hence produce a great scene. Due to their lack of experience on stage or in studios, they play the role of bringing out the real environment in which people are exposed to life as it is. They seek employment opportunities, move about in the streets and experience the harshness of poverty. Conclusion The aspects of mise-en-scene are crucial in bringing out the meaning of a scene in a film.

Annotated Bibliography On Amazon Dynamo Database - 1866 Words

BCIS 6320 03 NAME: Koushik.Yelakanti ID NUMBER: 349885 AMAZON DYNAMO DATABASE Introduction: Amazon dynamo database is a collection of databases, storage, compute, tools and support. Let us start with the data bases these databases fallen into two sections they are 1. Traditional classic relational databases, 2. NOSQL databases. Any database can be rum on the amazon platform which is built to be flexible as possible, we are using MYSQL, IBMDB2, Oracle, postgre SQL, and some databases for complete storage to run these databases production. However, there is a considerable measure of work in building and keeping up these databases services must be valid to a team. In late 2009 we build relational database services which aims to streamline in the creation of relational databases can support MYSQL and ORACLE we can spend up any databases and consistencies with nice additional features. Social database administration can have versatile capacity were we can easily increase the amount of data to be stored in data storage, Rapid provisioning, High availability options more than NOSQL, Scalable compute to increase the amount of memory or cpu put your databases as your Query required. There are couple of common patterns to setting up high performance databases, we can Increase throughput by scaling up the physical res ources available in the cloud we can add read replicas and Elastic ache. Increase availability by multi availability deployments, Reduce

Identity And Access Management For Hdos - 1500 Words

Identity and Access Management for HDOs Health Delivery Organizations (HDOs) are continuously confronted with handling a large amount of sensitive patient information. These organizations must have the capability to protect patient privacy and the integrity of their personal information, and yet be able to share the information with clinicians and staff that have a legal need for the information to provide due care. HDO’s are also under pressure to increase the effectiveness of their regulatory compliance processes for HIPAA, HITECH, Meaningful Use, PCI, and others. As HDOs expand, merge and evolve to keep up with the requirements of maintaining electronic healthcare records (EHR) and electronic protected health information (ePHI),†¦show more content†¦This increase of sensitive data available online, commonly accessed through usernames and passwords, has produced a dramatic jump in healthcare information compromised by data breaches. In 2015, the IRTC reported that a staggering 66.7% of all records compromised in data breaches were in the healthcare industry; in 2014, this number was only 9.7%. †¦.more of a challenge as we lose control of the perimeter with business going digital, mobile and into the cloud. The potential vulnerabilities within a Health Delivery Organizations (HDOs) are numerous. The impact of exploitation of the can be enormous. It’s not only that the information will be damaged, stolen, or misused; the actual or implied theft of improperly protected electronic data can result in extortion threats. The cost and distraction of a hacker’s extortion demand that threatens to shut down an entity’s system or to expose confidential information can be significant. In addition to the direct costs related to the extortion demand, a facility can have major expenses, including those for the required notification of patients related to the real or threatened release of their identity information. Many states require companies to notify all of their customers if a breach is even suspected. The potential for exploitation does not stop there. Consider any of the following scenarios, note that some do not even require access to personal information, a hacker just needs to get access: ï  ¶

Unit 9 values and planning free essay sample

In this part of this assignment I will be Explaining, values and planning when organising holistic planning for service users. I will be reviewing the benefit to individuals and professional staff, of taking holistic approach to planning support, to do this I will be using to case studies. My first case study is about Sam, a 74 year old widower who is a strict vegetarian and a diabetic. He had a stroke two days ago and is leaving hospital at the end of the week. He is paralysed down the right side of his body. My second case study is about Gina, a 25 year old who was admitted to accident and emergency when she was round on the side of the road in extreme pain. Gina can’t speak English and has a broken pelvis and leg. The promotion of choice is very important principle when providing holistic support. Sam is a widower and is probably used to looking after himself and being independent. He must be asked about different aspects of his care. When looking at his dietary needs, he may want a choice on what type of diabetic food he wants, as well as catering for his vegetarian needs. His speech has also been affected and he may need to be listened to more carefully when being asked about things, because Sam’s mobility has also been affected, he needs to supported and cooperated with when he is organising his mobility when he gets home. He should have the choice of who he wants to help build up his strength. Sam is also going to need a carer when he gets back home to help him daily things until he has become stronger, he should have a choice on who is taking care of him and what care he wants. The promotion of choice is enabling the service user’s choices and independent to be put at the centre, they can almost organise most of their care to their wishes, for example a service user will be able to choose their food from the menu than not knowing what they are going to eat, whether they have dietary needs or not; where as they might not be able to choose who is treating them, because there might be a shortage of staff. It is important that we do not d iscriminate (Anti- discriminative practice). Gina who is 25 years old cannot speak English. We must not stereotype her because she can’t speak English. A translator should be organised as soon as it is possible so Gina’s care can be as holistic as it can. A translator will enable the service user to work with the care to staff so she can organise her care. It will also help when she is being asked questions about personal information. If Gina has any specific cultural or religious needs this also needs to be taken note of. An anti discriminative practice is important when providing holistic support because it makes the certain service user feel safe and secure; they also get the choice in what care they want. The service user doesn’t have to worry about what the staff thinks of them. Their care and health is at the centre When planning holistic support it is important to make sure that the service user’s confidentiality is made a main priority. For both Sam and Gina, most services users would be unhappy if they found out that their personal information was open. Sam and Gina should be able to choose and meet carers beforehand so that they can trust them fully. This enables their information to be kept confidential without much hesitation. Personal beliefs and morals must be respected when providing holistic supports to a service user. Sam is a strict vegetarian and should be able to choose what type of food he would like. A lot of meat contains protein, so Sam would need to make sure he is being given a healthy alternative If this is not catered for he may also feel discriminated against; he may not be happy with the care he is being given. Gina is from another country and may have different moral and cultural beliefs (she may not on the other hand) she may feel discriminated against if her needs are not catered for, and this can make service users feel disrespected and not a sense of not being listened to. It is important the moral and beliefs and values are a main factor when supporting service users because, you need to make sure that they can trust and respect you. It also makes their care easier to give because the service user feels safe and understood. It is vital that service users are involved in the planning of their support. Sam probably lives on his own and would probably really appreciate being involved in the planning of his support. It is important that service users can have as many as their wishes met when regarding planning support. With Gina’s language barrier it is important that we make sure that she feels as involved as possible, so we don’t upset or discriminate against her not being able to speak English. it is also vital that service users are involved in their support, so we can meet any needs they may have that aren’t so obvious when first meeting them. The application of relevant principles and values will enable professionals to provide holistic support. Service users must always be put at the centre when providing such care. The application of this enables professionals to offer a safe and secure care service, and makes service users feel like they can trust their carers. Many service users would prefer to be supported by holistic care because it enables them to have their care personalised to them. (M1) I will now be reviewing the benefits to individuals and professional staff, when taking a holistic approach to planning support. I will be using the same case studies, about Sam and Gina to explain and review these ideas. Providing holistic support to service users can have a major effect on the recovery of a service user. Sam is going home at the end of the week and is going to need help with mobility whilst be back at home. Providing holistic support to Sam will enable him to make decisions for himself, this may boost Sam’s self esteem and will enable him to make a swifter recovery. If he can be offered the choice of who is to care for him; by Sam being happy about who is looking after him his recovery will also become a quicker process. This also makes it easier for professional staff to plan his care, and make plans best suited to his needs. For Gina, getting a translator to help with the language barrier can make it easier for both her and professional staff to plan her care. It can make any possible surgery happen sooner if they can get any personal information they may need to plan her care. This benefits all because it means Gina gets the care she needs quicker and staff can provide the care as quickly as possible. Both Sam and Gina are going to need some sort of help with their mobility. If holistic support can be provided from the start of their care, their quality of life can be made to a higher standard. Sam may need adjustments to his home and surrounding environments while recovering to make it easier for him to get around. This will make his life easier and the quality of it too. However Sam will most likely be in a wheelchair as he has a paralysed right side. He may have to go into residential care for a short period of time while he recovers, on the other hand Sam may not be happy with this idea and it must be discussed with him about alternative options to make sure his care and support is of a high standard. This is because he lives on his own and is more likely to need to constant care while he recovers. This will benefit professional staff to, because when giving Sam home care it will be easier for him to move around while he gets back on his feet. Gina is going to need physiotherapy, she is also going to need adjustments to her home and surrounding environment to make the recovery process easier for her too. Gina and Sam will need to be asked about any family members that should be involved in the planning of their care. While putting these service users at the centre, the family can be used to make sure that all needs are met as well. The families are a good source of personal information if the service user forgets to tell professional staff any information that should really be considered when planning their care and support in a holistic way. This benefits both the service user and the professional staff, because the service user can be given the right sort of care, and all needs can be catered for and the staff can make sure that they have all their facts and information right about the service user to make sure that their care is as centered to the service user as much as possible. (D1) In this last part of this assignment I will be analyising the reasons for working with professionals from more than one agency when planning support for individuals. I will also be using the same case studies as previous about Sam and Gina. Gina is going to need help and support from more than one type of agency. She is going to need physiotherapy and surgery. If Gina’s pelvic fracture is serious enough she could be kept on the intensive care unit for a short period of time. The surgery team will probably refer Gina to a physiotherapist, to make the recovery time quicker and to get her back on her feet as soon as possible. Gina’s broken leg may also need surgery and she is going to need crutches for both fractures as well as more physiotherapy. It is important that the both professional members of staff work together to make Gina’s recovery as swift as possible to keep her out of pain. Gina is also not going to be active for several months and is at high risk of blood clots, she is also going to need to be talked to about blood thinning medication to reduce the risk of this. It is important that all members of staff involved in Gina’s care work together or keep in contact incase anything changes in her care plan, or any other problems become relevant. The translator for Gina also needs to be present as well to make sure information between Gina and professional members of staff is being understood properly. This will also affect how much pain she is in, because she may not be able to say how much pain she is in to members of staff. Sam is going to need speech therapy and physiotherapy when he leaves hospital. He may also need help in gaining his cognitive skills back; his mental health may also be affected. Many stroke patients get frustrated and depressed easily and personalities often change, this can be to do with them going from being able to do most things to being very dependant on caring. According to Dr Janet Spradlin, a rehabilitation psychologist at St. Anthony Rehabilitation Center in Oklahoma City. â€Å"Depression is very common after any life-changing health challenge, especially if it means a loss of independence.† Medication staff is going to have to work closely with the Sam and the stroke consultants to make sure any medication that he is put on is safe and doesn’t make him feel any worse than he actually is. This is important to make sure that his recovery is made swifter and his mental state (if affected) isn’t made any worse. With the many physical and mental effects that come with having a stroke; Sam is going to need physiotherapy and speech therapy as quickly as possible, as well as speeding up the recovery process this will make Sam probably feel more confident, which is a great thing when planning holistic support for a service user, because it makes them feel at the centre of all the planning involved. It is vital that all professional members of staff from all different agencies keep in contact with each other in case of any drastic changes in Sam’s health. The more Sam is put in the centre of the planning for his holistic support the better quality of life he is going to have through the recovery period. In conclusion it is important for all professional members of staff to keep in touch while caring for a service user holistically; putting them at the centre; service users find it easier to cooperate and trust certain members of staff, which make it easier for the staff to support and give the care. When providing holistic support to a service user, all agencies involved need to be referring to the service user when providing care, this ensures that all needs are met and the care is easier and more efficient to give. All staff involved and service users are made happy by this.